Table 5.
Percentage of Active Living Every Day Participants Who Met CDC-ACSM Recommendations at Pretest and Posttest, by Pretest Variablesa, Active for Life Multisite Study, 2003-2006
| Pretest Variable | Pretest % | Pretest OR(95% CI) | Pretest P | Posttest % | Posttest OR(95% CI) | Posttest P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ||||||
| 50-64 | 16.1 | 1 [Reference] | .40 | 48.1 | 1 [Reference] | .36b |
| 65-74 | 19.6 | 1.35 (0.86-2.12) | 43.0 | 0.81 (0.56-1.17) | ||
| ≥75 | 18.0 | 1.17 (0.73-1.86) | 41.7 | 0.76 (0.51-1.14) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 17.6 | 1 [Reference] | .63 | 41.2 | 1 [Reference] | .20 |
| Men | 18.2 | 1.12 (0.71-1.76) | 47.3 | 1.30 (0.87-1.93) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 13.9 | 1 [Reference] | .44 | 36.0 | 1 [Reference] | .33 |
| Black/African American | 14.6 | 1.08 (0.63-1.86) | 37.9 | 1.09 (0.72-1.63) | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 17.9 | 1.48 (0.61-3.60) | 46.5 | 1.55 (0.73-3.29) | ||
| Other | 25.2 | 2.28 (0.73-7.15) | 56.8 | 2.40 (0.77-7.46) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | 18.6 | 1 [Reference] | .68 | 35.0 | 1 [Reference] | .04b |
| High school/GED | 18.1 | 0.86 (0.42-1.73) | 46.1 | 1.71 (0.90-3.24) | ||
| More than high school | 17.0 | 0.76 (0.39-1.51) | 51.7 | 2.16 (1.15-4.05) | ||
| BMIc | NA | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | <.001 | NA | 0.98 (0.96-1.01) | .13b |
| Health conditions | ||||||
| 0 to 1 | 19.5 | 1 [Reference] | .20 | 49.3 | 1 [Reference] | .15 |
| ≥2 | 17.2 | 0.78 (0.53-1.14) | 43.9 | 0.80 (0.59-1.09) | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 17.3 | 1 [Reference] | .63 | 44.9 | 1 [Reference] | .73 |
| Yes | 16.0 | 0.89 (0.54-1.46) | 46.6 | 1.07 (0.71-1.61) | ||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 16.7 | 1 [Reference] | .54 | 45.6 | 1 [Reference] | .68 |
| Yes | 18.3 | 1.12 (0.78-1.60) | 44.0 | 0.94 (0.68-1.28) | ||
| Arthritis | ||||||
| No | 18.8 | 1 [Reference] | .46 | 43.4 | 1 [Reference] | .78 |
| Yes | 17.0 | 0.88 (0.62-1.45) | 44.9 | 1.05 (0.76-1.45) | ||
| Coronary heart disease | ||||||
| No | 17.2 | 1 [Reference] | .19 | 44.8 | 1 [Reference] | .72 |
| Yes | 21.3 | 1.38 (0.85-2.25) | 43.0 | 0.92 (0.57-1.47) | ||
| Osteoporosis | ||||||
| No | 18.2 | 1 [Reference] | .50 | 44.2 | 1 [Reference] | .87 |
| Yes | 16.9 | 0.87 (0.57-1.31) | 45.0 | 1.03 (0.70-1.52) | ||
| Health rating | ||||||
| Fair or poor | 16.8 | 1 [Reference] | .01 | 44.9 | 1 [Reference] | .24 |
| Good | 16.5 | 1.02 (0.60-1.71) | 44.4 | 0.98 (0.66-1.46) | ||
| Very good or excellent | 24.9 | 1.80 (1.04-3.09) | 51.6 | 1.32 (0.83-2.09) | ||
| Social supportc | NA | 1.10 (1.04-1.17) | .06 | NA | 1.05 (1.00-1.11) | .05 |
| Self-efficacyc | NA | 1.04 (1.01-1.06) | .003 | NA | 1.04 (1.02-1.06) | <.001 |
| Depressive symptomsc | NA | 0.98 (0.94-1.02) | .38 | NA | 0.99 (0.96-1.03) | .74 |
| Perceived stressc | NA | 0.95 (0.90-1.01) | .11 | NA | 0.93 (0.88-0.98) | .01 |
| CHAMPS physical activityc | NA | 1.10 (1.08-1.12) | <.001 | NA | 1.05 (1.03-1.07) | <.001b |
Abbreviations: CDC-ACSM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American College of Sports Medicine; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; GED, General Educational Development test; BMI, body mass index; CHAMPS physical activity, Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors physical activity questionnaire.
All percentages, ORs, and 95% CIs are adjusted for site clustering, sex, race/ethnicity, education, health rating, and BMI. Repeated measures analyses examining pretest to posttest changes (time x pretest predictor interactions) also controlled for site clustering, sex, race/ethnicity, education, health rating, and BMI.
In the repeated measures analyses, a significant time x pretest variable interaction was found (ie, the intervention effect varied by levels of this pretest variable).
BMI, social support, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and physical activity were treated as continuous variables in change analyses; therefore, percentages that met recommendations are not reported.