Figure 1.

Hamartin localizes to the basal body of ciliated human RPE1 and HK-2 cells. RPE1 and HK-2 cells were serum starved for 48 h to induce cilia formation. (A) RPE1 cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-γ-tubulin antibody (red) to identify centrosomes, and anti-hamartin antibody (TSC1, green). Arrowheads indicate hamartin localization at the centrosome. (B) RPE1 cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-α-acetylated tubulin antibody (red) to identify cilia, and anti-hamartin antibody (TSC1, green). Arrows indicate hamartin at the base of the primary cilia, and arrowheads indicate hamartin in the centrosome of cells lacking a primary cilium. (C) HK-2 cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-α-acetylated tubulin antibody (red) to identify cilia, and anti-hamartin antibody (TSC1, green). Arrow indicates hamartin at the base of the primary cilium. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. All images shown at ×100 magnification.