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Causes of inappropriately high vascular resistance in uremia
| Cause |
|---|
| Activated renin–angiotensin system |
| Stimulated sympathetic nerve activity |
| Reduced breakdown of catecholamines (renalase) |
| Oxidative stress |
| Reduced endothelial cell-dependent dilatation (ROS) |
| Vascular remodeling with structurally fixed elevation of vascular resistance |
