Table 4.
Outcomes Associated With Unresolved Grief in Mothers
| Grief Response by Outcome | Patients
|
Analyses*
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Who Reported Given Response | Total No. of Responders | % | Unadjusted
|
Adjusted†
|
||||
| RR | 95% CI | OR | OR | 95% CI | ||||
| Low or moderate physical well-being | 1.5 | 1.2 to 1.7 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.5 | |||
| Little/no | 52 | 62 | 84 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 105 | 182 | 58 | |||||
| Moderate or much worsened physical health in the last 5 years | 2.3 | 1.6 to 3.3 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 to 4.5 | |||
| Little/no | 32 | 62 | 52 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 41 | 185 | 22 | |||||
| Low or moderate psychological well-being | 1.7 | 1.4 to 2.0 | 6.3 | 1.8 | 0.7 to 4.9 | |||
| Little/no | 54 | 62 | 87 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 94 | 182 | 52 | |||||
| Moderate or much worsened psychological health in the last 5 years | 2.9 | 1.9 to 4.4 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 to 4.3 | |||
| Little/no | 30 | 62 | 48 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 31 | 185 | 17 | |||||
| Low or moderate quality of life | 1.9 | 1.6 to 2.3 | 7.1 | 2.1 | 0.8 to 5.7 | |||
| Little/no | 53 | 62 | 85 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 84 | 185 | 45 | |||||
| Visited physician because of anxiety or depression in the last 5 years | 1.7 | 1.1 to 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.1 to 3.9 | |||
| Little/no | 22 | 61 | 36 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 39 | 183 | 21 | |||||
| Visited physician because of other psychological distress in the last 5 years | 0.8 | 0.2 to 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 1.4 | |||
| Little/no | 3 | 61 | 5 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 11 | 183 | 6 | |||||
| On sick leave for psychological distress in the last 5 years | 2.1 | 1.2 to 3.5 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.6 | |||
| Little/no | 18 | 62 | 29 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 25 | 178 | 14 | |||||
| Received medication for psychological distress in the last 5 years | 1.7 | 0.9 to 2.9 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.9 | |||
| Little/no | 15 | 61 | 25 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 27 | 182 | 15 | |||||
| Regular use of tranquillizers | 4.5 | 0.8 to 26.0 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 0.2 to 12.5 | |||
| Little/no | 3 | 62 | 5 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 2 | 184 | 1 | |||||
| Regular use of sleeping pills | 1.0 | 0.2 to 4.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 to 5.4 | |||
| Little/no | 2 | 62 | 3 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 6 | 183 | 3 | |||||
| Regular difficulties falling asleep at night | 1.4 | 0.8 to 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 1.6 | |||
| Little/no | 12 | 62 | 19 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 25 | 183 | 14 | |||||
| Regular waking at night with emotional distress | 1.7 | 0.7 to 3.8 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 to 1.6 | |||
| Little/no | 8 | 62 | 13 | |||||
| Moderate/much | 14 | 183 | 8 | |||||
Abbreviations: RR, relative risk; OR, odds ratio.
*
Adjusted for anxiety (with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; except for the outcome of physician visit because of anxiety or depression in the last 5 years).
†
Statistically significant result.