TABLE 2.

INDICATORS OF NEED FOR HOSPITALIZATION IN ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Older age

Severe underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/already receiving long-term oxygen therapy

Marked increase in breathlessness

Poor or deteriorating general condition with little activity

Cyanosis or worsening peripheral edema

Impaired level of consciousness or confusion

Difficulty in coping at home

Significant comorbidities (particularly arrhythmias, heart failure, and insulin-dependent diabetes)

Failure to respond to initial medical treatment

Oxygen saturation < 90%