Table 5.

Mean change and estimated mean change on the KINDL: Student report by grade

	Mean changea	SD	Est. Mean changeb	SEM	Effect size (%)
Grade
Family
10th	0.4	18.6	-2.3	0.7	3.3
8th	-1.7	16.2	-2.2***	0.8
6th	2.1	14.9	3.1***	0.7
4th	1.0	16.7.	3.2	0.7
Totalc	0.5	16.8	-	-
Friends
10th	1.1	14.8	0.2	0.6
8th	1.0	15.4	0.8	0.7
6th	1.4	15.7	2.4	0.7
Totald	1.2	15.2	-	-
School
10th	1.4	16.9	-1.0	0.7	1.0
8th	-0.5	15.7	-0.1*	0.7
6th	-0.3	15.1	2.2*	0.7
Totald	0.3	16.0	-	-
Emotional well-being
10th	0.1	15.3	-0.9*	0.6	2.2
8th	0.3	14.8	0.9*	0.7
6th	3.2	15.0	3.8*	0.6
Totald	1.2	15.1	-	-
Self-esteem
10th	0.5	15.6	-0.3	0.8
8th	-0.9	18.6	-0.7	0.9
6th	0.3	16.9	1.0	0.8
4th	-0.3	23.4	-0.3	0.8
Totalc	-0.1	18.9	-	-

^aDifferences in means based on raw scores between baseline and follow-up (T2 minus T1).

^bEstimated marginal mean change scores by ANCOVA, using baseline-scores as covariates.

^cTotal N = 1770; ^dtotal N= 1282.

Sample size for 10^th, 8^th, 6^th and 4^th grades: 488, 370, 424 and 488.

SD = Standard deviation; SEM = Standard error of the mean

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001