Table 4.
Univariate estimation of excess length of stay and excess costs (in Euro) of adverse events
| Cost categories | All Adverse events* (n = 663, weighted n = 456) | Preventable Adverse events* (n = 283, weighted n = 182) | ||||
| Disability** | N | Mean days (se) | Cost in € including interventions (se) | N | Mean volume (se) | Cost in € (se) |
| No disability | 115 | 5.5 (1.0) | 2970 (475) | 29 | 5.6 (1.7) | 2979 (781) |
| Minor disability | 276 | 10.4 (0.7) | 5174 (598) | 117 | 11.2 (1.2) | 5973 (1332) |
| Permanent disability | 21 | 16.0 (3.1) | 6232 (1331) | 16 | 16.8 (3.9) | 6649 (1667) |
| Deceased | 35 | 7.8 (2.8) | 4566 (1636) | 17 | 7.0 (5.0) | 3831 (2263) |
| Speciality | ||||||
| Surgical | 293 | 10.1 (0.7) | 5474 (601) | 115 | 10.7 (1.3) | 6122 (1371) |
| Medical | 163 | 7.4 (0.8) | 2909 (339) | 66 | 9.7 (1.6) | 3831 (654) |
| Type of hospital | ||||||
| Academic | 80 | 10.1 (1.5) | 5488 (858) | 17 | 15.7 (3.3) | 8100 (1515) |
| General hospitals | 376 | 8.9 (0.6) | 4356 (460) | 165 | 9.7 (1.1) | 4992 (985) |
| Age categories | ||||||
| 1–18 years | 10 | 1.4 (0.4) | 597 (127) | 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 19–40 years | 54 | 12.2 (1.9) | 5303 (854) | 22 | 12.3 (3.3) | 4727 (1280) |
| 41–65 years | 161 | 7.1 (0.8) | 3736 (379) | 61 | 8.2 (1.5) | 3652 (537) |
| 66–79 years | 139 | 11.9 (1.2) | 6413 (1170) | 55 | 14.8 (2.2) | 9290 (2770) |
| 80 years and over | 91 | 7.5 (1.0) | 3134 (407) | 42 | 6.9 (1.5) | 2923 (700) |
| ICD9DE primary groups*** | ||||||
| Neoplasms | 52 | 8.8 (2.1) | 7636 (2923) | 13 | 14.4 (6.8) | 18734 (10772) |
| Circulatory system | 86 | 7.5 (1.0) | 4396 (608) | 26 | 10.7 (2.2) | 4542 (853) |
| Respiratory system | 31 | 6.1 (1.7) | 2519 (751) | 18 | 7.0 (2.8) | 2938 (1235) |
| Digestive system | 45 | 10.4 (1.9) | 4789 (951) | 20 | 9.3 (3.3) | 3963 (1179) |
| Genitourinary system | 35 | 8.5 (1.3) | 4068 (916) | 13 | 13.7 (2.7) | 6640 (2250) |
| Muscoskeletal system and connective tissue | 41 | 7.4 (1.6) | 3093 (553) | 16 | 3.1 (0.7) | 1601 (330) |
| Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions | 33 | 7.8 (1.4) | 2834 (484) | 13 | 11.1 (2.8) | 3831 (981) |
| Injury and poisoning | 69 | 14.4 (1.8) | 6084 (781) | 31 | 14.2 (2.9) | 5976 (1172) |
| Admission departments*** | ||||||
| Cardiology | 54 | 8.8 (1.7) | 3852 (766) | 18 | 9.7 (2.2) | 3685 (787) |
| Surgery | 146 | 10.7 (1.0) | 5443 (455) | 59 | 12.2 (2.0) | 4962 (746) |
| Intensive Care | 10 | 16.0 (7.8) | 29307 (14313) | 5 | 28.3 (13.7) | 52058 (25329) |
| Internal Medicine | 68 | 8.8 (1.5) | 3423 (595) | 15 | 13.4 (4.7) | 5451 (1906) |
| Pulmonary diseases | 31 | 7.9 (2.6) | 3137(955) | 22 | 7.7 (3.5) | 3010 (1251) |
| Neurology | 21 | 7.3 (2.3) | 2700 (1002) | 13 | 10.8 (3.5) | 4057 (1572) |
| Orthopaedic | 42 | 9.0 (1.5) | 3739 (532) | 22 | 4.4 (0.8) | 2362 (317) |
| Urology | 26 | 9.5 (1.0) | 3854 (375) | 8 | 11.3 (1.6) | 4336 (703) |
| Type of AE | ||||||
| Diagnostics | 29 | 12.0 (2.8) | 4812 (1250) | 24 | 13.4 (3.2) | 5433 (1444) |
| Surgical | 249 | 10.3 (0.8) | 5764 (695) | 84 | 10.8 (1.7) | 6735 (1854) |
| Intervention (non surgical) | 81 | 6.0 (0.8) | 2414 (337) | 26 | 9.6 (1.9) | 3454 (706) |
| Medication | 66 | 8.1 (1.4) | 3105 (579) | 21 | 9.2 (2.9) | 3992 (1309) |
| Other clinical activities | 16 | 5.1 (1.6) | 2438 (757) | 13 | 6.0 (1.8) | 2832 (856) |
| Discharge | 6 | 18.5 (6.9) | 6856 (2477) | 6 | 18.5 (6.9) | 6856 (2478) |
| Other | 11 | 5.2 (2.0) | 2828 (1545) | 9 | 2.9 (1.6) | 2131 (1740) |
* Figures were weighted for oversampling of deceased patients and of patients admitted to a university hospital.
** Unable to determine in 9 and 3 patients in respectively all AEs and preventable AEs
*** Largest ICD-9-DE groups only