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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Feb 26;56(4):615–620. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01639.x

Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics of the Overall Study Sample and the Three Activity-Restriction Groups

Variable Overall No Activity Restriction Moderate Activity Restriction Severe Activity Restriction P-Value
Age, mean ± SD 75.8 ± 7.2 73.4 ± 6.5 75.7 ± 6.9 80.4 ± 7.6 <.001
Male, % 30.9 41.3 28.2 24.0 .002
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD 27.16 ± 4.18 27.22 ± 3.99 27.75 ± 4.12 28.12 ± 4.76 .04
Number of activity of daily living difficulties, mean ± SD 0.2 ± 0.6 0.2 ± 0.7 0.1 ± 0.6 0.2 ± 0.7 .22
Number of instrumental activity of daily living difficulties, mean ± SD 0.9 ± 1.7 0.5 ± 1.6 0.7 ± 1.5 2.3 ± 2.1 <.001
Short Performance Physical Battery score, mean ± SD 9.5 ± 3.0 10.5 ± 2.6 9.7 ± 2.7 6.4 ± 3.4 <.001
Mini-Mental State Examination score, mean ± SD 24.6 ± 3.4 25.6 ± 3.3 24.7 ± 3.2 22.7 ± 3.5 .001
Comorbidity index, mean ± SD 2.3 ± 1.3 2.2 ± 1.3 2.3 ± 1.3 2.6 ± 1.3 .07
Smoking, pack-years, mean ± SD 10.5 ± 20.1 13.3 ± 22.1 10.3 ± 19.9 6.6 ± 15.8 .72*
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, mean ± SD 14.6 ± 8.9 11.5 ± 7.4 14.6 ± 8.7 20.1 ± 9.6 <.001*
Walking speed, m/s, mean ± SD 1.05 ± 0.30 1.18 ± 0.27 1.06 ± 0.26 0.79 ± 0.30 <.001*
Inability to climb a flight of stairs without support, % 64.9 48.3 64.6 95.0 <.001
Difficulty walking 400 m, % 27.3 21.3 20.6 55.2 <.001

Note: The analysis for the trend was adjusted for age and sex.

*

Age-significant covariate.

SD = standard deviation.