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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Feb 26;56(4):615–620. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01639.x

Table 3.

Significance of Bivariate Correlation Between Fear-Induced Activity Restriction, Demographic Factors, and Covariates at Baseline and Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) Disability and Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB) Scores at 3-Year Follow-Up

ADL Disability IADL Disability SPPB Score
Variable P-Value
Activity restriction .001 <.001 <.001
Age .008 <.001 <.001
Sex .23 .14 .17
Body mass index .23 .85 .38
Cognition <.001 <.001 <.001
Depressive symptoms .002 <.001 <.001
Comorbidity index .08 .01 .006
Smoking .20 .02 .30