TABLE 4.
Metabolic panel, lipids, and hematologic variables after consumption of 1 meal/d or 3 meals/d1
| 1 Meal/d | 3 Meals/d | P2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 143.0 ± 0.83 | 142.0 ± 0.8 | 0.29 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 0.19 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 104.4 ± 0.5 | 104.0 ± 0.5 | 0.27 |
| Carbon dioxide content (mEq/L) | 27.5 ± 0.4 | 27.5 ± 0.4 | 0.91 |
| Anion gap | 11.2 ± 0.3 | 10.8 ± 0.3 | 0.29 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 12.9 ± 0.4 | 14.9 ± 0.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.02 | 0.9 ± 0.02 | 0.35 |
| Blood urea nitrogen:creatinine | 15.3 ± 0.7 | 17.0 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 85.9 ± 1.5 | 89.4 ± 1.5 | 0.14 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.9 ± 0.1 | 9.8 ± 0.1 | 0.17 |
| Phosphorus (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 0.40 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.1 ± 0.1 | 0.05 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Globulin (g/dL) | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 0.50 |
| Albumin:globulin | 1.5 ± 0.03 | 1.5 ± 0.03 | 0.28 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 69.5 ± 2.8 | 66.3 ± 2.8 | 0.05 |
| Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (IU/L) | 40.0 ± 4.8 | 33.0 ± 4.8 | 0.01 |
| Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (IU/L) | 28.7 ± 2.1 | 24.1 ± 2.1 | 0.01 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.43 |
| Triacyglycerol (mg/dL) | 93.2 ± 7.7 | 102.2 ± 7.7 | 0.08 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 216.5 ± 5.3 | 191.0 ± 5.3 | 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 61.9 ± 1.8 | 56.7 ± 1.8 | 0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 136.2 ± 4.0 | 113.3 ± 4.0 | 0.001 |
| Cortisol (μg/dL) | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 14.1 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 0.75 |
| Red blood cell (×102/L) | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.2 ± 0.2 | 13.6 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 37.3 ± 1.2 | 40.1 ± 1.1 | 0.01 |
| Mean cell volume (fL) | 89.1 ± 0.3 | 89.2 ± 0.3 | 0.65 |
1
n = 15 (10 F, 5 M).
2
Within-period repeated-measures ANOVA.
3
Least-squares x̄ ± SEM (all such values).