Table 1. Characteristics of the study population according to creatinine clearance strata.
| Creatinine clearance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <30 mL/min | 30–59 mL/min | >60 mL/min | Pa | |
| n | 27 | 383 | 521 | |
| Age, years | 87.50 (5.00) | 79.65 (7.34) | 71.87 (4.68) | <0.0001 |
| Female, % | 70.4 | 65.8 | 47.22 | <0.0001 |
| Education, years | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (5–6) | 0.26 |
| Current smokers, % | 15 | 12.4 | 24.6 | 0.0002 |
| Former smokers, % | 29 | 24.3 | 37.9 | 0.0002 |
| Smoking, pack-years | 0.0 (0.0–25.4) | 0.0 (0.0–8.2) | 0.0 (0.0–28.0) | 0.47 |
| Alcohol, g/day | 10.0 (7.14–28.57) | 10.0 (4.29–20.0) | 13.57 (5.71–22.86) | 0.20 |
| MMSE score | 18.74 (8.20) | 23.31 (5.15) | 25.66 (3.59) | 0.13 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.38 (4.00) | 25.77 (3.68) | 28.59 (3.76) | <0.0001 |
| Energy intake, kcal/day | 1535 (344.29) | 1813.65 (542.70) | 2017.69 (562.32) | 0.90 |
| Carbohydrate intake, g/day | 202.83 (44.84) | 237.28 (76.08) | 259.96 (82.28) | 0.593 |
| Protein intake, g/day | 59.80 (15.29) | 71.73 (20.50) | 78.53 (19.76) | 0.32 |
| Total lipid intake, g/day | 50.99 (14.46) | 61.13 (20.26) | 67.48 (19.31) | 0.75 |
| Saturated FA intake, g/day | 17.68 (5.48) | 21.15 (8.03) | 22.47 (7.69) | 0.44 |
| Monounsatured FA intake, g/day | 24.81 (7.91) | 30.12 (10.55) | 34.14 (10.77) | 0.78 |
| Polynsaturated FA intake, g/day | 5.72 (1.70) | 6.60 (2.11) | 7.43 (2.21) | 0.79 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/L | 2004.1 (277.0) | 2161.2 (425.0) | 2169.5 (390.8) | 0.18 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/L | 1168.9 (212.4) | 1340.1 (358.0) | 1369.7 (341.1) | 0.07 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/L | 487.0 (159.2) | 584.3 (169.7) | 544.7 (135.1) | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides, mg/L | 1734.4 (989.2) | 1185.1 (535.5) | 1275.6 (685.0) | 0.0004 |
| Total plasma PUFAs, mg/L | 32.26 (4.80) | 37.34 (4.87) | 37.76 (4.85) | <0.0001 |
| Plasma n-3 FA, mg/L | 2.69 (0.58) | 3.34 (0.97) | 3.29 (0.96) | 0.004 |
| Plasma n-6 FA, mg*10/L | 2.76 (0.45) | 3.26 (0.44) | 3.24 (0.45) | <0.0001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 4.66 (1.76–15.20) | 2.59 (1.30–5.56) | 2.89 (1.36–5.85) | <0.0001 |
| Urine protein, mg/L | 0 (0–5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.04 |
| Coronary heart disease, % | 10.00 | 5.93 | 5.21 | 0.43 |
| Stroke, % | 15.38 | 6.70 | 4.12 | 0.01 |
| Diabetes, % | 11.11 | 10.98 | 11.89 | 0.67 |
| Hypertension, % | 60.00 | 48.52 | 17.28 | 0.38 |
| Peripheral artery disease, % | 20.00 | 8.09 | 4.98 | 0.004 |
| Congestive heart failure, % | 44.44 | 8.56 | 4.86 | <0.0001 |
| COPD, % | 26.92 | 7.18 | 8.65 | 0.35 |
| Cancer, % | 11.11 | 6.79 | 5.79 | 0.30 |
Continuous variables expressed as mean (SD) or as median (IQR).
a
From age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted linear or multinomial logistic regression models as appropriate.