Table 2.

The effect of HIV-1 binding on expression of activation markers on CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells

	CD4+CD25+		CD4+CD25−
	Mock	HIV-1	Mock	HIV-1
CD69	1.1 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.4	9.4 ± 1.1*
CD38	1.8 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.6	0.4 ± 0.4	34.3 ± 2.5**
HLA-DR	1.3 ± 0.6	1.5 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.4	5.4 ± 0.4*

CD4⁺CD25⁺ or CD4⁺CD25⁻ cells were exposed to HIV-1₂₁₃ or mock controls as described in Methods. Cells were harvested at 1 day (CD69) or three days (CD38 and HLA-DR) and stained for the indicated surface activation markers. The percentage of positive cells is shown. Results represent the mean ± SD of three independent assessments. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) as compared with the mock controls.