Table 2.

Table 2A: Effective diffusivities of each component of a multi-solute CPA solution through cartilage and their ratios to the corresponding diffusivities in bulk solution (Deff/Do)
	Deff(average ± s.d) × 10−10 (m2/s)	Deff/Do
DMSO in single-solute solution (measurement by NMR imaging)	3.59	0.31
VS55 cocktail(measurement by localized NMR spectroscopy)
DMSO	4.63 ± 0.85*	0.34
1,2 Propanediol	3.47 ± 0.67*	0.30
Formamide	6.67 ± 0.70*	0.38

Table 2B: Effective diffusivities of CPAs through articular cartilage from the literature
Cartilage Source	Dimensions	CPA	Concentration (M)	Deff × 10−10 (m2s)	Temp (°C)	Reference
mature porcine AC	no bone: d=10 mm, z=2–4 mm; with bone: d=10 mm, z=7–14 mm	DMSO	6.8	3.5 (with and without bone)	22	[42]
		PD	6.8	2.0 (with bone)	22	[42]
immature and mature human AC	d=10mm, z=2.2–3.4 mm	DMSO	1.4	17.9	37	[18]
immature porcine AC	d=5 mm, z=2.9–5 mm	DMSO	1	11.20	22	[19]
immature ovine AC	d=6 mm, z=1 mm	DMSO	1.4	4.06	22	[41]
		PD	1.4	3.41

D_eff = effective diffusivity; D_o = bulk diffusivity; s.d. = standard deviation;

^*values are averages ± s.d. from 3 independent experiments