Table 3.

Factors Explaining Age Differences in Leisure Activity Frequencies

	Nonphysical Activity Index*				Social Activity Index*				Physical Activity Index†
	Demographic Variables Only		Full Model		Demographic Variables Only		Full Model		Demographic Variables Only	Full Model
Covariates	Coefficient	(SD)	Coefficient	(SD)	Coefficient	(SD)	Coefficient	(SD)	OR (95% CI)	OR (9% CI)
Demographic variables
Age 75–84	NS	—	NS	—	NS	—	NS	—	NS	NS
Age 85+	−0.30‡	0.15	NS	—	−0.77§	0.20	NS	NS	5.10‡ (1.33, 19.58)	NS
Female	0.35§	0.09	0.29§	0.09	0.48§	0.13	0.42§	0.12	NS	NS
Years of education	0.15§	0.02	0.11§	0.02	NS	—	NS	—	NS	NS
Living alone	NS	—	NS	NS	NS	—	NS	—	NS	NS
Physical Function
Visual or hearing impairment			NS	—			−0.48‡	0.24		NS
Gait speed/Lower extremity function (TUG test)			−0.02‡	0.01			−0.03§	0.01		1.16§ (1.05, 1.27)
Morbidity Burden
J-GDS			−0.07§	0.01			−0.09§	0.02		NS
Total No. of prescription medications			0.02‡	0.01			NS	—		NS
General cognitive function
J-MMSE			NS	—			NS	—		NS

^*Notes: Based on ordinal linear regression models.

^†Based on logistic regression; outcome is persons with the lowest 25th percentile in physical activity index (vs others).

^‡p < .05.

^§p < .01.

SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval; TUG = Timed Up and Go; J-GDS = Japanese Geriatric Depression Scale; J-MMSE = Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination; NS = not significant.