Table 1. Characteristics of the General Population at Baseline According to Anabolic Status Calculated as the Number of Anabolic Hormones in the Lowest Quartilesa.
| Characteristic | No. of Hormones in the Lowest Quartiles | P Valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| No. of patients | 207 | 126 | 57 | 20 | ||
| Age, y | 72.27 (5.20) | 75.13 (6.81) | 79.52 (7.56) | 82.97 (7.69) | <.001 | |
| BMI | 27.44 (3.21) | 27.13 (3.01) | 26.56 (2.99) | 26.69 (3.40) | .90 | |
| Bioavailable testosterone, ng/dL | 111.88 (32.43) | 89.90 (36.34) | 52.77 (30.57) | 39.02 (18.72) | <.001 | |
| Total insulinlike growth factor 1, ng/mL | 141.05 (51.45) | 122.75 (50.06) | 100.24 (54.90) | 45.83 (14.43) | <.001 | |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, μg/dL | 109.01 (55.52) | 69.91 (62.65) | 41.26 (31.60) | 21.75 (14.90) | <.001 | |
| Interleukin 6, median (IQR), pg/mL | 0.36 (−0.16 to 0.77) | 0.48 (−0.07 to 0.90) | 0.50 (0.09 to 1.13) | 1.02 (0.17 to 2.01) | .49 | |
| Cardiovascular disease, No. (%) | 8 (3.86) | 10 (7.94) | 1 (1.75) | 1 (5.00) | .92 | |
| Stroke, No. (%) | 11 (5.31) | 11 (8.73) | 5 (8.77) | 2 (10.00) | .41 | |
| Parkinson disease, No. (%) | 3 (1.45) | 1 (0.79) | 1 (1.75) | .26 | ||
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 54 (26.09) | 41 (32.54) | 20 (35.09) | 4 (20.00) | .07 | |
| Cancer, No. (%) | 9 (4.35) | 4 (3.17) | 4 (7.02) | 1 (5.0) | .62 | |
| COPD, No. (%) | 28 (13.53) | 22 (17.46) | 11 (19.30) | 4 (20.00) | .17 | |
| Mini-Mental State Examination score | 25.88 (3.55) | 25.33 (4.34) | 23.26 (6.14) | 22.45 (6.16) | .64 | |
| CES-D total score | 9.05 (6.52) | 10.76 (8.18) | 9.62 (6.01) | 11.06 (6.78) | .19 | |
| Peripheral artery disease, No. (%) | 16 (7.73) | 12 (9.52) | 6 (10.53) | 1 (20.00) | .32 | |
| Caloric intake, g/d | 2278.83 (581.89) | 2123.32 (527.69) | 1981.49 (572.97) | 1929.25 (566.48) | .33 | |
| Alcohol intake, g/d | 24.71 (18.16) | 24.47 (21.79) | 17.14 (17.20) | 20.71 (11.88) | .32 | |
| Smoking (current vs ever or never smoked) | 47 (22.71) | 27 (21.43) | 8 (14.04) | 3 (15.00) | .16 | |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Sedentary level | 17 (8.21) | 19 (15.08) | 18 (31.58) | 3 (15.00) |
|
|
| Light level | 170 (82.13) | 99 (78.57) | 35 (61.40) | 15 (75.00) | .002 | |
| Moderate-high level | 20 (9.66) | 8 (6.35) | 4 (7.02) | 2 (10.00) | ||
| Educational level, y | 6.16 (3.15) | 6.43 (3.81) | 5.83 (3.90) | 4.35 (1.53) | .20 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range.
SI conversion factors: To convert testosterone to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 0.0347; insulinlike growth factor 1 to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 0.131; and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to micromoles per liter, multiply by 0.027.
a
Values are expressed as mean±SD unless otherwise indicated.
b
Differences in variables among patients with different anabolic status were tested using age-adjusted analysis of variance.