Table 3.

Effects of trial treatment (artesunate or placebo) on death or permanent disability, subdivided by study site and time taken to reach clinic

	Risk of death in 0–6 h (median 2 h) for all patients		Risk of later death/disability (if survived >6 h)*Reached clinic in 0–6 h?
	Artesunate	Placebo	Yes (∼3 h†)		No (∼15 h‡)
			Artesunate	Placebo	Artesunate	Placebo
Africa (age 6–72 months)
Handeni, Tanzania	22/726	21/737	15/286	17/292	17/418	33/424
Kilosa, Tanzania	11/1170	6/1169	8/542	11/539	8/617	14/624
Navrongo, Ghana	9/1145	12/1093	19/816	26/798	2/320	5/283
All in Africa	42/3041 (1·4%)	39/2999 (1·3%)	42/1644 (2·6%)	54/1629 (3·3%)	27/1355 (2·0%)	52/1331 (3·9%)
Chittagong, Asia (by age)
6–72 months	5/1022	7/988	7/947	19/918	2/70	5/63
Older child/adult	9/2009	5/2009	22/1859	9/1879	0/141	0/125
All in Asia	14/3031 (0·5%)	12/2997 (0·4%)	29/2806 (1·0%)	28/2797 (1·0%)	2/211 (0·9%)	5/188 (2·7%)
Total
Africa and Asia	56/6072 (0·94%)	51/5996 (0·85%)	71/4450 (1·6%)	82/4426 (1·9%)	29/1566 (1·9%)	57/1519 (3·8%)
Relative risk (95% CI)	1·10 (0·75–1·61)		0·86(0·63–1·18)		0·49(0·32–0·77)
p value§	0·61		0·35		0·0013

^*Denominators=numbers surviving more than 6 h after entry, subdivided by whether patient reached clinic in 0–6 h. Time to clinic was recorded in all who died or had neurological damage; otherwise, it was recorded routinely only in Kilosa and Navrongo. For those who did not die in Handeni and Chittagong, it was recorded whether they reached a clinic. For this table it is assumed that, if they did die, the proportions doing so in 0-6 h were 50% in Handeni and 95% in Chittagong.

^†For those who reached clinic in 0–6 h and then died after hour 6, median time to arrival was 2 h in Chittagong and 4 h in Africa.

^‡For those still not in clinic after more than 6 h who died, the median time to reach clinic (or to death without reaching clinic) was 15 h.

^§Relative risk (95% CI) and p value for artesunate versus placebo.