Comparison of glucose-evoked mitochondrial matrix alkalinisation, insulin secretion, mitochondrial calcium and cytosolic ATP rises in rat islets. Individual rat islets were analysed as described in Figure 2. (A) Average mitochondrial pH response. For clarity, the error bars (N=7) are displayed only every 120 s. Insulin secretion (B), mitochondrial calcium (C) and cytosolic ATP (D) were measured from groups of 100–150 islets. For mitochondrial calcium or ATP measurements, islets were infected with Ad-RIP-mtAequorin or Ad-RIP-Luciferase, respectively. Insulin samples were collected every 30 s from the efflux of mitochondrial calcium measurements.