Table 1.
Demographic information and BPI characteristics, including illness duration; age of illness onset, and medication information.
| BPI (n=27) | HC (n=28) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GenderA | Male | 10 | 13 |
| Female | 17 | 15 | |
| Mean ageB | 31.89 (SD:7.3) | 30.82 (SD:10.56) | |
| Mood state | BPe | 17 | n/a |
| BPd | 10 | ||
| Mean age of illness onset | 20.33 (SD:6.1) | n/a | |
| Mean illness duration | 11.1 (SD:7.04) | n/a | |
| Spielberger trait anxietyC | 46.6 (SD:15.5) | 31.5 (SD:11.9)D | |
| Medication: 24 BPI were taking medication and 3 were drug free | ||
|---|---|---|
| Mood stabilizers (n=14) |
Lithium (n=12) Lamotrigine (n=1) Valproate Sodium (n=1) |
n/a |
| Antidepressants (n=10) |
Bupropion (n=2) | n/a |
| Sertraline (n=2) | ||
| Nortriptyline (n=1) | ||
| Venlafaxine (n=1) | ||
| Mirtazapine (n=1) | ||
| Citalopram (n=1) | ||
| Fluoxetine (n=1) | ||
| Duloxetine (n=1) | ||
|
| ||
| Antipsychotics (n=16) |
Aripiprazole (n=7) | n/a |
| Risperidone (n=4) | ||
| Quetiapine (n=4) | ||
| Chlorpromazine (n=1) | ||
|
| ||
| Anxiolytics/ benzodiazepines (n=7)E |
Lorazepam (n=6) | n/a |
| Alprazolam (n=1) | ||
Numbers are means; standard deviations in parentheses; BPI: bipolar I disorder patient, HC: healthy controls;
A
BPI and HC did not differ significantly in gender ratio (χ2=0.5, P=0.48);
B
BPI and HC did not differ significantly in age (z=−0.95, p=0.34);
C
BPI had significantly greater trait anxiety scores than HC (t (51)=3.97, P<0.001);
D
For two HC, data were missing;
E
BPI had significantly greater trait anxiety scores than HC, both BPI taking, and those not taking, anxiolytics (t (31)=3.5 and t (44)=3.4, P<0.002, respectively).