Table 3.

Quantitative insulin-related traits

Trait	Time point	Genotype	Basic model	P	Model with race/ethnicity	P	Model with race/ethnicity + BMI	P
ISI	Baseline	KK	0.166 (0.162–0.170)	0.06	0.162 (0.156–0.168)	0.06	0.154 (0.149–0.160)	0.08
		KQ	0.158 (0.152–0.163)	0.04*	0.157 (0.150–0.164)	0.34*	0.152 (0.146–0.159)	0.93*
		QQ	0.164 (0.156–0.172)	0.88**	0.170 (0.158–0.182)	0.05**	0.164 (0.154–0.175)	0.03**
	1 yr	KK	0.201 (0.196–0.206)	0.04	0.192 (0.185–0.199)	0.34	0.187 (0.180–0.194)	0.38
		KQ	0.199 (0.192–0.206)	0.13*	0.191 (0.183–0.200)	0.63*	0.188 (0.180–0.196)	0.89*
		QQ	0.188 (0.178–0.197)	0.01**	0.182 (0.170–0.195)	0.14**	0.179 (0.168–0.191)	0.37**
Ins index	Baseline	KK	1.08 (1.05–1.12)	<0.001	1.22 (1.16–1.28)	0.98	1.25 (1.19–1.31)	0.87
		KQ	1.13 (1.08–1.19)	0.001*	1.21 (1.15–1.28)	0.85*	1.23 (1.16–1.30)	0.60*
		QQ	1.27 (1.19–1.35)	<0.001**	1.22 (1.12–1.32)	0.98**	1.24 (1.13–1.34)	0.99**
	1 yr	KK	1.05 (1.01–1.09)	<0.001	1.13 (1.08–1.19)	0.75	1.15 (1.09–1.21)	0.78
		KQ	1.11 (1.06–1.17)	<0.001*	1.15 (1.08–1.22)	0.56*	1.16 (1.09–1.23)	0.67*
		QQ	1.27 (1.19–1.35)	<0.001**	1.18 (1.07–1.28)	0.54**	1.19 (1.09–1.30)	0.52**

ISI and insulinogenic index (Ins index) compared by genotype at baseline or after 1 yr of intervention in the DPP. Least mean squares (95% CI) are shown. The basic model is adjusted for age and sex; subsequent models are further adjusted for race/ethnicity, without or with baseline BMI. One-year variables are also adjusted for the same variable at baseline. P values are from general linear models (F test). P values are shown for the general model, the dominant model (*), and the recessive model (**).