Figure 3.

(Color online) (a) Phonation threshold jet velocity, (b) threshold pressure, (c) onset frequency, and (d)glottal width ratio H_s∕H_min as a function as the flow separation location, for a straight glottal channel (α=0). Model parameters are given in Eq. 5. Only the flow-induced stiffness Q₀ of the three flow components was included, and σ=0 (○) and all three flow components (Q₀, Q₁, and Q₂) were included, and σ=0.3 (◻). The three horizontal lines in (c) indicate the first three in vacuo eigenfrequencies. The horizontal line in (d) indicates a constant glottal width ratio of 1.2.