Figure 4.

Real-time PCR analysis of metabolically active tissues. Metabolism-related genes up-regulated in white adipose (reproductive, mesenteric, retroperitoneal) from Gdf3^−/− vs. wild-type mice. Ucp1, Uncoupling protein 1; Ppargc1a, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α; Cpt1b, carnitine palmitoytransferase 1β; Ucp3, uncoupling protein 3; Ppara, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; Ppargc1b, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β; Esrra, estrogen-related receptor α, Dio2, type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05). Numerical values above compared groups indicate fold differences in mRNA levels (n = 4–5 in each group). HFD, High-fat diet; reg, regular.