Table 2.

Proportions of bipolar disorder patients with comorbidities

Study	Country	Outcome
Jacobi et al 2004 [15]	Germany	75% DSM-IV comorbidities
Faravelli et al 2006 [16]	Italy	28% GAD, 24% antisocial personality disorder, 16% PDA, 16% SP, 16% psychosis, 16% paranoid and 16% borderline personality disorder
Benedetti et al 2007 [22]	Italy	BPI comorbidities by gender F/M%: 67/70% anxiety disorder, 54/26% PD, 33/63% OCD, 12/33% history of substance disorder
Daban et al 2006 [24]	Spain	By manic/depressive onset: 22/27% Axis 1 comorbidity 17/24% Axis 2 comorbidity
Dittmann et al 2002 [25]	Germany	36% comorbid Axis I disorder
Brieger et al 2007 [26]	Germany	34% substance abuse disorders, 16% anxiety disorders and 22% personality disorders
Henry et al 2003 [27]	France	21% substance abuse, 24% anxiety disorder(s), 16% PDA, 11% phobia and 3% OCD
Schiavone et al 2004 [28]	Italy	Borderline personality disorder (41%), narcissistic disorder (21%), dependency disorder (13%) and histrionic (10%)
Vieta et al 2001 [29]	Spain	31% comorbid psychiatric diagnosis
Pini et al 2003 [30]	Italy	23% comorbid PD and 16% comorbid SP/OCD
Benazzi 2006 [31]	Italy	45(M)-59(F)% Axis I comorbidity
Benazzi 2003 [32]	Italy	54% Axis I comorbidity
Benazzi 2004 [33]	Italy	46% Axis I comorbidity
Benazzi 2003 [34]	Italy	54% Axis I comorbidity

DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; GAD, general anxiety disorder; PD, panic disorder; PDA, panic disorder with agoraphobia; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; SP, social phobia