Table 2.
Most Efficient Compounds at Reversing the Effects of High Glucose on Acyl-CoA Binding to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α (PPARα)
| Compound | Recovery (%) | Kd (nM) |
|---|---|---|
| Tolmetin sodium | 97.1 | 35.1 ± 3.7 |
| Hyoscyamine | 86.4 | 14.8 ± 2.8 |
| g-aminobutyric acid | 85.5 | 29.5 ± 4.1 |
| Salicylamide | 83.1 | 25.8 ± 6.0 |
| Budesonide | 82.0 | 26.3 ± 3.2 |
| Saccharin | 81.3 | 22.5 ± 2.0 |
| Tolazoline hydrochloride | 73.9 | 31.4 ± 3.6 |
| Pyrazinamide | 68.6 | 28.4 ± 2.3 |
| Targinine hydrochloride | 67.5 | 33.5 ± 3.5 |
| Enalapril maleate | 64.7 | 26.3 ± 2.8 |
| Acetylglucosamine | 63.8 | 33.3 ± 3.0 |
| Gedunin | 62.3 | 21.9 ± 1.8 |
Recovery is defined as the ability to restore acyl-CoA binding, and Kd is defined as the binding affinity of PPARα for each compound. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 3–4).