Table 2.

Associations of categorical trace mineral concentrations with cognitive function scores^†

MEN	β	p	WOMEN	β	p
1) Total Recall			1) Total Recall
Low Iron, vs. intermediate	−1.05	<.001	Intermediate Iron, vs. low	.02	.953
High Iron, vs. intermediate	−.53	.072	High Iron, vs. low	−.55	.228
2) Long-Term Recall			2) Long-Term Recall
Low Iron, vs. intermediate	−.94	<.001	Intermediate Iron, vs. low	.07	.826
High Iron, vs. intermediate	−.69	.020	High Iron, vs. low	−.51	.266
3) Serial 7’s			3) Blessed Items
Low Iron, vs. intermediate	−1.05	.001	Intermediate Iron, vs. low	−.60	.097
High Iron, vs. intermediate	−.51	.133	High Iron, vs. low	−.77	.118
4) Trails B			4) Total Recall
Intermediate Copper, vs. low	−.05	.489	Intermediate Copper, vs. low	−.01	.915
			High Copper, vs. low	−.63	.076
			5) Long-Term Recall
			Intermediate Copper, vs. low	−.04	.756
			High Copper, vs. low	−.77	.031
			6) Short-Term Recall
			Intermediate Copper, vs. low	.01	.979
			High Copper, vs. low	−.80	.032
			7) Blessed Items
			Low Zinc, vs. high	−.31	.313
			Intermediate Zinc, vs. high	−.10	.578

^†Results of regression models; associations adjusted for age, education, alcohol use, current smoking, exercise, and current estrogen use (women only). The low, intermediate, and high categories were defined as: <40, ≥40 and ≤215, and >215 μg/dL for iron; <90, ≥90 and ≤215, >215 μg/dL for copper; and <55, ≥55 and ≤100, and >100 for zinc. In men, low and high categories were compared to the intermediate category.