Table 4. Estimated costs of immunization in 117 low- and lower-middle-income countries, 2006–2015.

Cumulative total 2006–2015	All countries			72 GAVI Alliance-eligible countries (2003 GNI per capita < US$ 1000)			45 low- and lower-middle-income countries (GNI per capita < US$ 3035)
	US$ billions	% of totala		US$ billions	% of totala		US$ billions	% of totala
Vaccine cost	24	31		12	35		11	27
Traditional vaccines	3.8	(16)		2.5	(20)		1.3	(12)
Underused vaccines	10.2	(43)		5.7	(46)		4.5	(40)
New vaccines	9.8	(41)		4.3	(35)		5.5	(48)
Systems cost	50	66		21	59		29	70
Maintaining current system	41.0	(82)		15.3	(73)		25.8	(88)
System scale-up (coverage and new vaccines)	9.0	(18)		5.6	(27)		3.4	(12)
Campaign (including polio) cost	2.3	3		2.2	6		0.2	<1
Total (lower and upper bounds)	76 (23-110)			35 (13-40)			42 (11-70)
Spending to maintain current	48.8	64		19.3	54		29.5	71
Spending to scale up	27.4	36		16.2	46		11.2	29
Average unit costs 2006–2015	US$	5th and 95th percentiles		US$	5th and 95th percentiles		US$	5th and 95th percentiles
Spending per child born	65	28–210		46	27–167		105	49–323
Maintenance costs per child born	41.6	8–150		24.8	7–105		74.8	18–169
Scaling up costs per child born	23.3	14–82		20.8	15–64		28.3	14–93
Spending per capita	1.38	0.78–4.63		1.18	0.78–4.01		1.66	0.80–6.41
Maintenance costs per capita	0.88	0.27–3.32		0.64	0.21–3.11		1.18	0.32–4.55
Scaling up costs per capita	0.50	0.30–2.09		0.54	0.32–1.88		0.45	0.29–2.57