Table 2. Effect of different case definitions on the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for JEV infection in children.

Case definition	JE positive (N = 54)	JE negative (N = 62)	JE unknown (N = 33)	All (N = 149)	Sensitivity (%)a	Specificity (%)a	PPV (%)	NPV (%)
AES	35	38	23	96	65 (56–73)	39 (30–48)	48	56
AES, acute paralysis or both	47	46	26	119	87 (81–93)	26 (18–34)	51	70
AES, meningism or both	48	48	29	125	89 (83–95)	23 (15–30)	50	70
AES at any time during hospitalization	41	44	25	110	76 (68–84)	29 (21–37)	48	58

AES, acute encephalitis syndrome (defined as acute febrile illness and change in mental status or new onset seizures); JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.
^a 95% confidence intervals are presented in parentheses.