TABLE 1.
PATHOGEN CHALLENGE MODELS IN WHICH CpG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES HAVE SHOWN PROTECTION
| Species | Pathogen Class | Challenge/Route | Reference Numbers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse | Bacteria | Listeria monocytogenes | 16, 19, 73 |
| Francisella tularensis | 16 | ||
| Mycobacterium avium | 74 | ||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 31 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori | 75 | ||
| Burkholderia mallei | 76 | ||
| Polymicrobial sepsis (peritonitis) | 26 | ||
| Bacillus anthracis | Lovchik and colleagues (unpublished data) | ||
| Parasite/other | Leishmania major | 18, 29 | |
| Plasmodium yoelii | 17 | ||
| Toxoplasma gondii | 77 | ||
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 78, 79 | ||
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 80 | ||
| Scrapie prion | 81 | ||
| Virus | Respiratory syncytial virus | 30 | |
| Tacaribe arenavirus | 82 | ||
| Herpes simplex virus | 27 | ||
| Influenza | 83, 84 | ||
| Orthopoxvirus | 22 | ||
| Friend retrovirus | 32 | ||
| Foot and mouth disease virus | 85 | ||
| Chicken | Bacteria | Escherichia coli | 86, 87 |
| Sheep | Virus | Bovine herpesvirus-1 | 88 |
| Monkey | Parasite | Leishmania major | 89, 90 |