Table 2.

Multivariable correlates (odds ratios) of past year non-medical use (NMU) of prescription pain relievers

	Non-disordered NMPAUa			Disordered NMPAUb
	O.R.c	95% C.I.c	Sigc	O.R.c	95% C.I.c	Sigc
SF-12 Physical pain
None	1.00			1.00
Moderate	1.66	1.22–2.25	.002	2.38	1.17–4.81	.017
High	2.18	1.56–3.03	<.001	3.97	2.06–7.64	<.001
Past year prescription drug NMUd
No use	1.00			1.00
Non-disordered use	15.76	11.39–21.79	<.001	5.41	2.13–13.73	<.001
Disordered use	11.74	6.11–22.56	<.001	35.63	16.68–76.07	<.001
Past year disordered alcohol use
No	1.00			1.00
Yes	2.58	1.90–3.51	<.001	3.59	2.20–5.87	<.001
Past year illicit drug usee
No use	1.00			1.00
Non-disordered use	4.27	2.98–6.11	<.001	1.72	0.70–4.22	.233
Disordered use	3.17	1.92–5.23	<.001	3.63	1.35–9.75	.011
Past year mood disorder (MD)
No	1.00			1.00
Yes	0.82	0.56–1.22	.325	1.98	1.13–3.46	.018
Past year anxiety disorder (AD)
No	1.00			1.00
Yes	1.48	1.07–2.04	.017	1.03	0.54–1.96	.922
Anti-social personality disorder (ASPD)
No	1.00			1.00
Yes	1.07	0.71–1.62	.737	2.09	1.23–3.55	.007

^aNon-disordered non-medical use defined as use in the past year without DSM-IV past year opioid abuse or dependence.

^bDisordered non-medical use defined as DSM-IV abuse or dependence in the past year among past year users.

^cEstimates (odds ratios, confidence intervals, and significance level) shown control for other variables in model and age, sex, race, education, and income; 1.0 denotes reference category. Design adjustments performed using SUDAAN (release 9.2).

^dIncludes stimulants, benzodiazepines, and tranquilizers.

^eIncludes cocaine/crack, heroin, marijuana, inhalants, and hallucinogens.