Table 3.

Interactions between physical pain and selected risk factors on past year nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers

	Non-disordered NMPAUa				Disordered NMPAUb
	Wald Fc	Sigc	Conditional probabilityc	SEc	Wald Fc	Sigc	Conditional probabilityc	SEc
Pain by past year prescription drug (RX)d	0.37	.689			2.59	.200
Pain by past year Disordered alcohol use	12.36	<.001			17.08	<.001
No pain, non-disordered use			.01	.001			.001	.001
No pain, disordered use			.02	.001			.006	.002
Mod pain, non-disordered use			.01	.001			.004	.001
Mod pain, disordered use			.03	.010			.008	.002
High pain, non-disordered use			.02	.001			.005	.002
High pain, disordered use			.04	.010			.014	.005
Pain by past year illicit drug usee	1.73	.161			2.39	.061
No pain, no use							.001	.001
No pain, non-disordered use							.002	.001
No pain, disordered use							.011	.004
Mod pain, no use							.004	.001
Mod pain, non-disordered use							.011	.006
Mod pain, disordered use							.080	.003
High pain, no use							.004	.001
High pain, non-disordered use							.012	.006
High pain, disordered use							.041	.026
Pain by past year mood disorder (MD)	0.58	.563			0.92	.403
Pain by past year anxiety disorder (AD)	2.16	.124			2.27	.112
Pain by anti-social personality disorder(ASPD)	1.40	.254			0.132	.879

^aNon-disordered non-medical use defined as use in the past year without DSM-IV past year opioid abuse or dependence.

^bDisordered non-medical use defined as DSM-IV abuse or dependence in the past year among past year users.

^cEstimates (Wald F, significance levels, conditional probability and standard error of conditional probability) control for other variables in model and age, sex, race, education, and income; 1.0 denotes reference category. Design adjustments performed using SUDAAN (release 9.2).

^dIncludes stimulants, benzodiazepines, and tranquilizers.

^eIncludes cocaine/crack, heroin, marijuana, inhalants, and hallucinogens.