TABLE 2.
Total fruit intake in relation to cancer incidence among US women in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–AARP Diet and Health Study by quintile (Q) of fruit intake
| Multivariate relative risk (95% CI)1 |
|||||||
| Type of cancer | No. of events | Q1 (reference) (0–0.60)2 | Q2 (0.60–0.97)2 | Q3 (0.97–1.35)2 | Q4 (1.35–1.90)2 | Q5 (1.90–5.58)2 | P value for quintile median trend |
| All cancers34 | 15,792 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.059 |
| Breast | 5815 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.010 |
| Lung34 | 2347 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.163 |
| Colorectal | 1618 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.80, 1.09) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.09) | 0.656 |
| Endometrial | 1158 | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.01, 1.47) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.38) | 1.33 (1.09, 1.61) | 1.25 (1.02, 1.52) | 0.044 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 657 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.63, 1.09) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.09) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.23) | 1.15 (0.87, 1.53) | 0.063 |
| Ovarian | 514 | 1.00 | 1.42 (1.07, 1.89) | 1.19 (0.88, 1.60) | 1.3 (0.96, 1.74) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.40) | 0.509 |
| Skin | 577 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 1.21 (0.93, 1.58) | 1.00 (0.76, 1.33) | 1.06 (0.80, 1.41) | 0.986 |
| Kidney | 363 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.64, 1.24) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.35) | 0.99 (0.71, 1.37) | 0.74 (0.52, 1.05) | 0.154 |
| Pancreas3 | 377 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.67, 1.31) | 1.10 (0.80, 1.53) | 1.08 (0.77, 1.50) | 1.21 (0.87, 1.70) | 0.173 |
| Head and neck3 | 318 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.60, 1.11) | 0.68 (0.48, 0.96) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.10) | 0.70 (0.48, 1.02) | 0.057 |
| Bladder3 | 258 | 1.00 | 1.56 (1.06, 2.30) | 1.24 (0.81, 1.88) | 1.40 (0.92, 2.13) | 1.52 (1.00, 2.33) | 0.147 |
| Thyroid | 197 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.58, 1.44) | 0.94 (0.59, 1.49) | 1.00 (0.63, 1.59) | 1.18 (0.75, 1.86) | 0.338 |
| Brain | 159 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.60, 1.60) | 0.97 (0.59, 1.59) | 0.82 (0.49, 1.38) | 0.83 (0.49, 1.42) | 0.389 |
| Myeloma | 169 | 1.00 | 1.57 (0.91, 2.71) | 1.56 (0.90, 2.70) | 1.49 (0.85, 2.61) | 1.60 (0.92, 2.80) | 0.255 |
| Myeloid leukemia | 127 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.57, 1.88) | 1.58 (0.90, 2.77) | 1.44 (0.80, 2.59) | 1.60 (0.88, 2.91) | 0.089 |
| Stomach | 137 | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.38, 1.14) | 0.91 (0.54, 1.51) | 0.72 (0.42, 1.24) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.31) | 0.463 |
| Esophagus3 | 78 | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.35, 1.41) | 0.85 (0.42, 1.69) | 0.78 (0.37, 1.63) | 1.09 (0.54, 2.2) | 0.706 |
| Liver | 84 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.50, 1.82) | 0.69 (0.34, 1.41) | 0.73 (0.36, 1.49) | 0.93 (0.47, 1.84) | 0.788 |
1
Adjusted for age, smoking, energy intake (log-transformed kcal), BMI, alcohol, physical activity, education, race, marital status, family history, menopausal hormone therapy, and vegetable intake.
2
Range of intake (cup equivalents/1000 kcal).
3
Adjusted for smoking by using smoking status, time since quitting smoking, and smoking dose.
4
Excluding individuals with missing smoking information, consistent with Wright et al (12).