TABLE 4.
Total fruit intake in relation to cancer incidence among US men in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–AARP Diet and Health Study by quintile (Q) of fruit intake
| Multivariate relative risk (95% CI)1 |
|||||||
| Type of cancer | No. of events | Q1 (reference) (0–0.44)2 | Q2 (0.44–0.75)2 | Q3 (0.75–1.09)2 | Q4 (1.09–1.59)2 | Q5 (1.59–5.13)2 | P value for quintile median trend |
| All cancers34 | 35,071 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.17 |
| Prostate | 17,034 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.766 |
| Lung34 | 4092 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) | 0.91 (0.83, 1.01) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) | 0.05 |
| Colorectal | 3421 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.86, 1.06) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.02) | 0.86 (0.77, 0.97) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 0.211 |
| Advanced prostate | 1778 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.86, 1.16) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.01) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.15) | 0.91 |
| Skin | 1634 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.93, 1.29) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.20) | 1.16 (0.98, 1.37) | 0.169 |
| Bladder3 | 1406 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.30) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.16) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) | 0.244 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 1261 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.31) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.14 (0.94, 1.39) | 0.196 |
| Head and neck3 | 1029 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 0.064 |
| Kidney | 973 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.16) | 0.553 |
| Pancreatic3 | 713 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.02) | 0.73 (0.57, 0.95) | 0.012 |
| Stomach | 507 | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.99, 1.69) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.20) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.47) | 1.15 (0.85, 1.55) | 0.674 |
| Esophagus3 | 463 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.67, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.73, 1.27) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.18) | 0.74 (0.53, 1.02) | 0.084 |
| Brain | 385 | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.52, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.61, 1.20) | 0.95 (0.69, 1.33) | 1.08 (0.78, 1.51) | 0.146 |
| Myeloma | 365 | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.86, 1.70) | 1.02 (0.72, 1.46) | 1.23 (0.86, 1.74) | 1.10 (0.76, 1.59) | 0.746 |
| Myeloid leukemia | 323 | 1.00 | 1.23 (0.86, 1.75) | 1.16 (0.80, 1.67) | 1.37 (0.95, 1.96) | 1.02 (0.69, 1.52) | 0.986 |
| Liver | 310 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.60, 1.23) | 1.02 (0.72, 1.46) | 1.08 (0.76, 1.54) | 0.90 (0.62, 1.32) | 0.886 |
| Thyroid | 165 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.50, 1.49) | 0.95 (0.55, 1.62) | 1.16 (0.69, 1.95) | 1.24 (0.74, 2.09) | 0.174 |
1
Adjusted for age, smoking, energy intake (log-transformed kcal), BMI, alcohol, physical activity, education, race, marital status, family history, and vegetable intake.
2
Range of intake (cup equivalents/1000 kcal).
3
Adjusted for smoking by using smoking status, time since quitting smoking, and smoking dose.
4
Excluding individuals with missing smoking information, consistent with Wright et al (12).