TABLE 5.
Total vegetable (no potato) intake in relation to cancer incidence among US men in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–AARP Diet and Health Study by quintile (Q) of vegetable intake
| Multivariate relative risk (95% CI)1 |
|||||||
| Type of cancer | No. of events | Q1 (reference) (0–06-0.44)2 | Q2 (0.44–0.61)2 | Q3 (0.61–0.81)2 | Q4 (0.81–1.10)2 | Q5 (1.10–3.25)2 | P value for quintile median trend |
| All cancers34 | 35,071 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | 0.004 |
| Prostate | 17,034 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.106 |
| Lung34 | 4092 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.024 |
| Colorectal | 3421 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.88) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.97) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) | 0.041 |
| Advanced prostate | 1778 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.92, 1.25) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.32) | 1.14 (0.98, 1.34) | 1.18 (1.01, 1.38) | 0.04 |
| Skin | 1634 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.05) | 0.332 |
| Bladder3 | 1406 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.82, 1.13) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.09) | 0.424 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 1261 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) | 1.02 (0.84, 1.23) | 1.14 (0.95, 1.38) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) | 0.681 |
| Head and neck3 | 1029 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.16) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.19) | 0.897 |
| Kidney | 973 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.05) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.719 |
| Pancreatic3 | 713 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.78, 1.25) | 1.21 (0.96, 1.52) | 1.03 (0.81, 1.32) | 0.243 |
| Stomach | 507 | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.90, 1.54) | 1.01 (0.76, 1.34) | 1.21 (0.92, 1.60) | 0.93 (0.69, 1.25) | 0.536 |
| Esophagus3 | 463 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.16) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.78, 1.39) | 0.85 |
| Brain | 385 | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.81, 1.64) | 1.30 (0.92, 1.83) | 1.59 (1.13, 2.22) | 1.34 (0.94, 1.90) | 0.065 |
| Myeloma | 365 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.59, 1.14) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.94 (0.68, 1.30) | 0.93 (0.67, 1.29) | 0.929 |
| Myeloid leukemia | 323 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.73, 1.46) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.44) | 1.06 (0.75, 1.51) | 0.91 (0.63, 1.32) | 0.616 |
| Liver | 310 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.72, 1.38) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.38) | 0.67 (0.46, 0.98) | 0.052 |
| Thyroid | 165 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.61, 1.91) | 1.20 (0.68, 2.09) | 1.31 (0.76, 2.27) | 1.95 (1.16, 3.28) | 0.002 |
1
Adjusted for age, smoking, energy intake (log-transformed kcal), BMI, alcohol, physical activity, education, race, marital status, family history, and vegetable intake.
2
Range of intake (cup equivalents/1000 kcal).
3
Adjusted for smoking by using smoking status, time since quitting smoking, and smoking dose.
4
Excluding individuals with missing smoking information, consistent with Wright et al (12).