Figure 3.
Peak inspiratory (Peak) and expiratory tonic (Tonic) activity of the genioglossus (GG), epiglottic pressure (PEPI) and inspired minute ventilation (VI) on the breath before (Prior) respiratory events, first (+1 to +3) and last ( −3 to −1) 3 respiratory efforts during events and breath following (Post) respiratory events in stage 2 and REM sleep. Muscle activity is expressed as a percent of the average activity across both states in each subject due to high variability in the absolute level of muscle activity between subjects (range 3.7 to 32.8 % max). Mean (SEM) presented, n = 12. *indicates P < 0.05 between sleep stages on these breaths/efforts by post hoc testing.