Figure 7. Immunohistochemical and confocal microscopic analysis of BiP/Grp78 expression.

BiP expression was examined by either immunohistochemistry (A–C) or confocal microscopy (D–E). Liver sections from PBS injected (A and D), replication deficient RNA injected (B) and HCV H77c infected (C and E) donor matched chimeric mice were stained using goat anti-BiP/Grp78 alone (A–C) and developed using the Vecastain ABC kit. Magnification ×100. Isotype controls are shown in Figure S1 E–F and are negative. For confocal microscopy (D and E), primary antibodies were goat anti-BiP/Grp78 with mouse anti-HCV, and the secondary antibodies were donkey anti-goat alexa 488 (green), and donkey anti-mouse biotin followed by avidin-HRP (Vector laboratories). The peroxidase was developed as before using tyramide-TMR (red). Nuclei were stained using DAPI (blue).