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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Feb 25.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Nov;1116:82–99. doi: 10.1196/annals.1402.082

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

TGF-β inhibits Axin1 and Axin2 expression in chondrocytes. Primary murine chondrocytes were isolated and placed in overnight culture. The cultures were then treated with TGF-β (1 or 5 ng/mL) and total RNA was harvested at 48 h. Real-time RT PCR was used to determine the effect on Axin1 gene expression (A). Chondrocyte cultures with treated with TGF-β (5 ng/mL) and total RNA harvested at various times between 0 and 72 h and real-time RT-PCR used to determine the effect on expressions of Axin1 (B) and Axin2 (C) gene expression. β-galactosidase activity was measured in primary chondrocytes from Axin2LacZ/+ knockin mice and revealed that Axin2 protein expression is also negatively regulated by TGF-β progressively over time (D). The symbol *represents significance at P < 0.05 when compared to 0 ng/mL TGF-β or 0 h.