Appendix C.
The following is a sample transcript of a coded observation followed by selected code definitions. The complete coding manual is available upon request from the corresponding author. Start time and end time are in seconds, timemin represents the total time in the activity in minutes. Child-managed instruction is coded as CM and teacher/child-managed instruction is coded TCM. Note that activities are coded for each student (see childid).
| Start time | End time | Timemin | childid | Grouping | Management | Content | Modifier 1 | Modifier 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1517.56 | 2306.33 | 13.14617 | A | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | A | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 252.9 | 492.33 | 3.9905 | B | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 492.33 | 684.63 | 3.205 | B | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 684.63 | 2010.83 | 22.10333 | B | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 2010.83 | 2306.33 | 4.925 | B | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Drawing/coloring | |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | B | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 633.9 | 684.6 | 0.845 | C | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 684.6 | 770.96 | 1.439333 | C | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 770.96 | 1477.63 | 11.77783 | C | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 1477.63 | 2306.33 | 13.81167 | C | Individual | CM | Textreading | SSR | Text/Tradebook |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | C | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 198.96 | 301.4 | 1.707333 | D | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 301.4 | 684.63 | 6.387167 | D | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 684.63 | 2020.13 | 22.25833 | D | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 2020.13 | 2306.33 | 4.77 | D | Individual | CM | Textreading | SSR | Text/Tradebook |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | D | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 641.26 | 684.63 | 0.722833 | E | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 684.63 | 986.03 | 5.023333 | E | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 986.03 | 1745.43 | 12.65667 | E | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 1745.43 | 2306.33 | 9.348333 | E | Individual | CM | Textreading | SSR | Text/Tradebook |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | E | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 105.5 | 684.63 | 9.652167 | F | Individual | ComputerM | MF-TBD | vocabulary | games |
| 684.63 | 1095.1 | 6.841167 | F | Individual | ComputerM | MF-TBD | ||
| 1095.1 | 1988.1 | 14.88333 | F | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 1988.1 | 2306.33 | 5.303833 | F | Individual | CM | Textreading | SSR | Text/Tradebook |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | F | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 316.23 | 641.26 | 5.417167 | G | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 641.26 | 684.63 | 0.722833 | G | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 684.63 | 1491.5 | 13.44783 | G | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 1491.5 | 1910.3 | 6.98 | G | Individual | CM | Textreading | SSR | Text/Tradebook |
| 1910.3 | 2211.33 | 5.017167 | G | Individual | ComputerM | CF-TBD | sound&spelling_activities | |
| 2211.33 | 2306.33 | 1.583333 | G | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | G | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 7.6 | 87.6 | 1.333333 | H | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 87.6 | 316.23 | 3.8105 | H | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 316.23 | 684.63 | 6.14 | H | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 684.63 | 1492.56 | 13.4655 | H | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 1492.56 | 2306.33 | 13.56283 | H | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Drawing/coloring | |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | H | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 105.5 | 301.4 | 3.265 | J | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 301.4 | 684.63 | 6.387167 | J | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 684.63 | 1021.16 | 5.608833 | J | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 1021.16 | 2306.33 | 21.4195 | J | Individual | CM | Text | reading | SSR |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | J | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 87.6 | 198.93 | 1.8555 | K | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 198.93 | 684.63 | 8.095 | K | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 684.63 | 986.06 | 5.023833 | K | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 986.06 | 2306.33 | 22.0045 | K | Individual | CM | Text | reading | SSR |
| 2306.33 | 2500 | 3.227833 | K | Wholeclass | TCM | WordID/encoding | Spelling/Written | Paper/Pencil |
| 622 | 684.63 | 1.043833 | L | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 684.63 | 822.26 | 2.293833 | L | Individual | CM | Noninstructional | Transition/Act | |
| 822.26 | 2299.36 | 24.61833 | L | Individual | CM | WordID/encoding | Copying | Paper/Pencil |
| 2299.36 | 2500 | 3.344 | L | Individual | ComputerM | Assessment | Accelerated Reader test |
Selected Code Definitions:
Word Identification/Encoding -- Subcategories: Sounding Out, Syllables, Syllable Types, Analogy/Word Families, Morphology, Spelling (Written, Oral), Rules, Copying
Word Identification/Encoding was coded for those activities allowing students to develop and practice their spelling skills. These activities focused on the spelling of single words and moved from pronunciation to print. Also included in the Word Identification/Encoding category were activities in which students copied single words from the blackboard (e.g., copying their spelling words for the week) and activities in which students gave oral spellings of words.
Text Reading -- Subcategories: Reading Aloud (Teacher, Student, Student Choral, Teacher/Student Choral, Technology), Silent Sustained Reading
Text Reading was coded for activities in which connected text was read without an explicit focus on building fluency. Text Reading activities necessarily involved the use of text.
Noninstructional – Subcategories: Disruption, Discipline (Individual, Class), Waiting, Transition (Activity, Clean Up, Line Up, Bathroom), Lunch, Snack, Nap, Game, Free Time, Song, Switch Mode, Off-Task
This includes all non-academic activities, defined as time spent that is not directly involved in instructional activities. Activities include transitions between activities (Transition/Act), waiting for instruction to begin, lining up for recess, and disruptions (e.g., announcements over the loud speaker).