TABLE 2.

NASAL RESPONSES IN 19 SUBJECTS AFTER EXPOSURE TO CLEAN AIR PLUS ALLERGEN OR SECONDHAND SMOKE EXPOSURE PLUS ALLERGEN, AND THE DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE^*

	Median (min∼max)
Response	Clean Air + Allergen	SHS + Allergen	Difference†	p Value‡
IgE, U/ml	12.2 (1.1∼27.5)	101.5 (23.5∼746.5)	95.0 (8.9∼725.5)	< 0.0001
IL-4, U/ml	0.2 (0.2∼0.7)	3.5 (0.2∼13.3)	3.2 (−0.4∼13.1)	< 0.0001
IFN-γ, ng/L	0.6 (0.2∼1.6)	0.3 (0.1∼1.4)	−0.2 (−1.5∼0.1)	< 0.0001
Histamine, nM	3.6 (0.9∼6.8)	12.5 (0.9∼24.7)	9.1 (−0.9∼20.6)	< 0.0001

Definition of abbreviation: IL = interleukin; SHS = secondhand smoke.

^*Level after secondhand smoke exposure plus allergen minus level after clean air plus allergen.

^†Differences in response between clean air plus allergen or SHS exposure plus allergen (level after SHS exposure plus allergen minus level after clean air plus allergen). The minimum differences are not simple differences between the minimums, and the maximum differences are not simple differences between the maximums. Histamine values were collected in lavages at 10 min, and other responses at 4 d after challenge.

^‡Two-sided Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-rank tests for difference medians.