TABLE 4.
Multinominal logistic regression analysis of past-year hallucinogen use disorder among past-year hallucinogen users aged 18 and older (unweighted N= 1,341)
| Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)|| |
Abuse without dependence# |
Subthreshold dependence without abuse# |
Dependence regardless of abuse# |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (vs. 26–34 years) | |||
| 18–25 | 1.0 (0.33 – 2.92) | 0.8 (0.40 – 1.45) | 5.7 (0.97 – 33.38)† |
| 35 or older | 1.4 (0.26 – 7.28) | 0.1 (0.01 – 2.19) | 0.2 (0.01 – 3.92) |
| Race/ethnicity (vs. White) | |||
| African American | 1.5 (0.49 – 4.56) | 0.4 (0.11 – 1.52) | 1.6 (0.41 – 6.05) |
| Hispanic | 1.6 (0.59 – 4.17) | 0.6 (0.31 – 1.30) | 1.2 (0.18 – 8.72) |
| Other | 6.9 (1.97 – 24.31)‡ | 2.3 (0.89 – 5.71)† | 1.1 (0.17 – 7.68) |
| Family income (vs. $75,000+) | |||
| $0–$19,999 | 0.5 (0.21 – 1.24) | 2.8 (1.45 – 5.40)‡ | 0.3 (0.09–0.91)* |
| $20,000–$39,999 | 0.8 (0.31 – 2.00) | 3.4 (1.07 – 5.22)* | 0.5 (0.12 – 2.45) |
| $40,000–$74,999 | 0.8 (0.31 – 2.00) | 3.9 (1.95 – 7.76)‡ | 1.8 (0.52 – 5.82) |
| Number of days using hallucinogens (vs. 6–11 days) | |||
| 1–5 | 1.8 (0.42 – 7.75) | 0.3 (0.13 – 0.73)‡ | 0.1 (0.02 – 0.69)* |
| 12–51 | 6.0 (1.50 – 24.09)‡ | 1.6 (0.64 – 4.18) | 6.7 (2.19 – 20.74)‡ |
| 52 or more days | 4.3 (0.96 – 19.97)† | 1.6 (0.53 – 4.99) | 7.4 (1.20 – 45.15)* |
| Age of first hallucinogen use (vs. Age 18 or older) | |||
| Age 17 or younger | 1.8 (0.95 – 3.33)† | 1.5 (0.83 – 2.53) | 1.1 (0.38 – 2.96) |
| Major depressive episode (vs. No) | |||
| Yes | 1.7 (0.78 – 3.78) | 4.2 (2.42 – 7.41)§ | 4.4 (1.70 – 11.41)‡ |
| Booked/arrested (vs. No) | |||
| Yes | 0.9 (0.41 – 1.80) | 0.3 (0.18 – 0.65)‡ | 0.8 (0.34 – 1.89) |
| Marijuana use disorder (vs. No) | |||
| Yes | 5.9 (2.69 – 12.82)§ | 1.8 (0.98 – 3.47)† | 2.6 (1.02 – 6.70)* |
| Past-year STD (vs. No) | |||
| Yes | 8.0 (1.88 – 34.03)‡ | 4.1 (1.30 – 12.84)* | 1.2 (0.13 – 10.23) |
| Past-year ED treatment (vs. No) | |||
| Yes | 2.2 (1.19 – 3.95)* | 1.2 (0.64 – 2.05) | 1.1 (0.45 – 2.48) |
Characteristics tested but excluded from the adjusted model because they were not significant include sex, education, employment status, marital status, population density, onset of MDMA use, type of hallucinogens used, anxiety, nicotine dependence, cocaine use disorder, alcohol use disorder, and injection drug use.
*
p ≤ 0.05
†
p <0.09
‡
p ≤ 0.01
§
p ≤ 0.001.
|
The adjusted logistic regression model included variables listed in that specific column.
#
The comparison group included hallucinogen users who did not report any symptoms of hallucinogen abuse or dependence.