Table 1.
Characteristics of 5201 Men and Women Without Prevalent Diabetes by Depressive Symptom Status in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2000-2002
|
CES-D<16 (n = 4290) |
CES-D≥16 or Use of Antidepressant Medications (n = 911) |
P Valuea |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MET, metabolic equivalent task. | |||
| SI conversion factors: To convert C-reactive protein to nmol/L, multiply by 9.524; HDL and LDL cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; insulin to pmol/L, multiply by 6.945; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113. | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y |
61.5 (10.1) |
59.8 (10.2) |
<.001 |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Men |
2146 (50.0) |
272 (29.9) |
<.001 |
| Women |
2144 (50.0) |
639 (70.1) |
|
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
| White |
1813 (42.3) |
427 (46.9) |
<.001 |
| Chinese American |
549 (12.8) |
64 (7.0) |
|
| African American |
1115 (25.9) |
177 (19.4) |
|
| Hispanic |
813 (18.9) |
243 (26.7) |
|
| Educational status, No. (%) | |||
| <High school |
759 (17.7) |
163 (17.9) |
<.001 |
| High school |
601 (14) |
188 (20.6) |
|
| ≥College |
2930 (68.3) |
560 (61.5) |
|
| Annual income, No. (%), $ | |||
| <15000 |
729 (16.9) |
219 (24) |
<.001 |
| ≥ 15000 and <24000 |
478 (11.1) |
127 (13.9) |
|
| ≥24000 and <34000 |
525 (12.2) |
116 (12.7) |
|
| ≥34000 and <49000 |
681 (15.9) |
146 (16) |
|
| ≥49000 and <74000 |
754 (17.6) |
149 (16.4) |
|
| ≥74000 |
1123 (26.2) |
154 (16.9) |
|
| Cigarette smoking status, No. (%) | |||
| Never |
2198 (51.3) |
444 (48.9) |
.004 |
| Former |
1570 (36.7) |
319 (35.1) |
|
| Current |
513 (11.9) |
146 (16.1) |
|
| Current alcohol drinking, No (%) |
2551 (73.1) |
508 (68.2) |
.007 |
| Daily caloric intake, median (IQR), calories/d |
1483 (1102-2014) |
1571 (1159-2175) |
<.001 |
| Intentional exercise, median (IQR), MET-min/wkb |
945 (210-2130) |
630 (0-1837.5) |
<.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg |
125.2 (20.8) |
122.9 (21) |
.004 |
| BMI, mean (SD) |
27.8 (5.2) |
28.4 (5.6) |
.004 |
| Fasting insulin, median (IQR), mIU/L |
5.1 (3.4-7.8) |
5.2 (3.4-8.1) |
.55 |
| Cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | |||
| LDL |
118.6 (30.7) |
116.8 (31.9) |
.11 |
| HDL |
51.4 (14.8) |
53.6 (14.8) |
<.001 |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR), mg/dL |
108 (76-155) |
114 (80-160) |
.13 |
| IL-6, median (IQR), pg/mL |
1.1 (0.7-1.8) |
1.3 (0.8-1.9) |
<.001 |
| C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/Lb |
1.7 (0.8-3.9) |
2.2 (0.9-4.7) |
<.001 |
| Incident cases of diabetes, No. |
215 |
60 |
|
| Person-year |
12968 |
2729 |
|
a
For categorical covariates, the P value was generated from the χ2 test. For continuous covariates, the P value was generated from the analysis of variance. For the nonnormally distributed variables, the P value was generated from the Wilcoxon rank sum test.