Table 2.

Relative Hazards of Type 2 Diabetes for Each 5-Point Increase in CES-D Score by Baseline Depressive Symptoms Status in 5201 Men and Women

	Relative Hazard (95% Confidence Interval)
Model	Per 5-Unit Increase in Continuous Depressive Symptoms (CES-D) Score	Elevated Depressive Symptoms Compared With Normal or Low Depressive Symptomsa
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; SES, socioeconomic status.
1, Baseb	1.12(1.03-1.21)	1.42(1.02-1.95)
2, BMIc	1.10 (1.02-1.19)	1.39 (1.02-1.93)
3, Metabolicd	1.11 (1.03-1.19)	1.39 (1.01-1.91)
4, Inflammatorye	1.10 (1.02-1.19)	1.35 (0.98-1.86)
5, SESf	1.11 (1.02-1.20)	1.39 (1.01-1.92)
6, Lifestyleg	1.08 (0.99-1.19)	1.34 (0.94-1.88)
7, Fully-adjustedh	1.10 (1.02-1.20)	1.21 (0.87-1.67)

^aElevated depressive symptoms were attributed to those whose CES-D score was 16 or higher, were taking antidepressant medication, or both.

^bAdjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and examination site.

^cAdjusted using model 1 criteria and BMI.

^dAdjusted using model 2 criteria and log-transformed triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and log-transformed fasting insulin.

^eAdjusted using model 2 criteria and for inflammatory markers IL-6 and C-reactive protein.

^fAdjusted using model 2 criteria and SES factors: educational status (categorized as <high school, high school, and ≥high school), annual household income (categorized as <$15 000, ≥$15000-<$24000, ≥$24 000-<$34 000, ≥34 000-<$49000, ≥$49 000-<$74 000, and ≥$74 000).

^gAdjusted using model 2 criteria and daily caloric intake, smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity.

^hFully adjusted using criteria from all models.