Table 3.
Characteristics of 4847 Men and Women Without Prevalent Depressive Symptoms by Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Status, 2000-2002
|
Fasting Glucose |
Type 2 Diabetes |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Normal (n=2868) (59.2%) |
Impaired (n=1357) (28.0%) |
Untreated (n=203) (4.2%) |
Treated (n=417) (8.6%) |
P Valuea |
|
| Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; MET, metabolic equivalent task. SI conversion factors: To convert HDL cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113. | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y |
60.7 (10.1) |
63.4 (9.8) |
63.7 (9.5) |
64.9 (9.4) |
<.001 |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||||
| Men |
1298 (45.3) |
803 (59.3) |
125 (61.6) |
226 (54.5) |
<.001 |
| Women |
1565 (54.7) |
552 (40.7) |
78 (38.4) |
189 (45.5) |
|
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||||
| White |
1322 (46.2) |
468 (34.5) |
53 (26.1) |
69 (16.6) |
<.001 |
| Chinese American |
331 (11.6) |
204 (15.1) |
30 (14.8) |
59 (14.2) |
|
| African American |
722 (25.2) |
388 (28.6) |
71 (34.9) |
173 (41.7) |
|
| Hispanic |
488 (17.1) |
295 (21.8) |
49 (24.1) |
114 (27.5) |
|
| Education status, No. (%) | |||||
| <High school |
339 (11.8) |
225 (16.6) |
53 (26.1) |
110 (26.5) |
<.001 |
| High school |
461 (16.1) |
280 (20.7) |
40 (19.7) |
79 (19.0) |
|
| ≥College |
2063 (72.1) |
850 (62.7) |
110 (54.2) |
226 (54.5) |
|
| Annual income, No. (%), $ | |||||
| <15000 |
427 (14.9) |
267 (19.7) |
56 (27.6) |
116 (27.9) |
<.001 |
| ≥15000-<24000 |
275 (9.6) |
180 (13.3) |
26 (12.8) |
68 (16.4) |
|
| ≥24000-<34000 |
334 (11.7) |
185 (13.7) |
22 (10.8) |
70 (16.9) |
|
| ≥34000-<49000 |
466 (16.3) |
209 (15.4) |
31 (15.3) |
55 (13.3) |
|
| ≥49000-<74000 |
532 (18.6) |
211 (15.6) |
31 (15.3) |
54 (13.0) |
|
| ≥74000 |
829 (28.9) |
303 (22.4) |
37 (18.2) |
52 (12.5) |
|
| Cigarette smoking status, No. (%) | |||||
| Never |
1495 (52.3) |
660 (48.8) |
99 (49.0) |
212 (51.5) |
.02 |
| Former |
1008 (35.3) |
541 (40.0) |
88 (43.6) |
150 (36.4) |
|
| Current |
354 (12.4) |
151 (11.2) |
15 (7.4) |
50 (12.4) |
|
| Daily caloric intake, median (IQR), calories/d |
1469 (1094-1980) |
1530 (1140-2108) |
1548 (1050-2100) |
1342 (972-1866) |
<.001 |
| Intentional exercise, median (IQR), MET-min/wk |
990 (300-2220) |
840 (52-1935) |
735 (0-1890) |
698 (0-1680) |
<.001 |
| Current alcohol drinking, No. (%) |
1743 (74.5) |
776 (69.9) |
104 (63.8) |
164 (50.8) |
<.001 |
| Microalbuminuria, No. (%) |
129 (4.5) |
125 (9.3) |
39 (19.2) |
100 (24.2) |
<.001 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) |
1007 (35) |
667 (49.2) |
113 (55.7) |
279 (67.2) |
<.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) |
27.2 (4.9) |
29.3 (5.3) |
30.1 (5.2) |
30.1 (5.7) |
<.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL |
53.1 (15.4) |
48.1 (13.3) |
45.4 (11.8) |
46.2 (12.5) |
<.001 |
| Triglycerides, mean (SD), mg/dL |
104 (72-147) |
113 (83-167) |
129 (89-203) |
126.5 (85-188) |
<.001 |
| Incident cases of elevated depressive symptoms, No. |
336 |
112 |
15 |
60 |
|
| Person-years |
9139 |
4013 |
481 |
969 |
|
a
For categorical covariates, the P value was generated from the χ2 test. For continuous covariates, the P value was generated from the analysis of variance. For the nonnormally distributed variables, the P value was generated from the Kruskal-Wallis Test.