Table 2.

Modifying effects of influenza for the four pollutant effects on mortality.

		Modifying effecta			Baseline effectb			Effect at mean level of influenza intensityc
Pollutant	Disease	ER	95% CI	p-Value	ER	95% CI	p-Value	ER	95% CI	p-Value
NO2	RD	0.18	−0.45 to 0.82	NS	1.24	0.27 to 2.22	*	1.42	0.45 to 2.41	**
	COPD	1.01	−0.03 to 2.05	NS	0.26	−1.34 to 1.87	NS	1.26	−0.33 to 2.89	NS
	CVD	0.15	−0.39 to 0.70	NS	1.23	0.41 to 2.06	**	1.39	0.56 to 2.22	#
SO2	RD	0.05	−1.12 to 1.23	NS	1.20	−0.38 to 2.81	NS	1.25	−0.35 to 2.88	NS
	COPD	0.32	−1.58 to 2.27	NS	−0.03	−2.67 to 2.69	NS	0.30	−2.35 to 3.01	NS
	CVD	−0.45	−1.45 to 0.55	NS	1.64	0.27 to 3.02	*	1.18	−0.20 to 2.57	NS
PM10	RD	0.08	−0.39 to 0.55	NS	0.69	−0.10 to 1.49	NS	0.77	−0.01 to 1.56	NS
	COPD	0.50	−0.26 to 1.27	NS	−0.05	−1.36 to 1.28	NS	0.45	−0.83 to 1.75	NS
	CVD	0.25	−0.15 to 0.65	NS	0.45	−0.23 to 1.13	NS	0.70	0.03 to 1.37	*
O3	RD	0.59	0.04 to 1.14	*	−0.16	−1.00 to 0.69	NS	0.42	−0.44 to 1.29	NS
	COPD	1.05	0.17 to 1.93	*	−0.11	−1.51 to 1.32	NS	0.94	−0.49 to 2.38	NS
	CVD	0.04	−0.42 to 0.51	NS	0.58	−0.15 to 1.31	NS	0.62	−0.12 to 1.36	NS

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NS, not significant.

^aChange in ER per 10-μg/m³ increase in concentration of air pollutant averaged over the lag 0 and lag 1 days when influenza intensity changed from the baseline (0%) to the mean level (10%).

^bER per 10-μg/m³ increase in concentration of air pollutant averaged over the lag 0 and lag 1 days when influenza intensity is assumed equal to 0.

^cER per 10-μg/m³ increase in concentration of air pollutant averaged over the lag 0 and lag 1 days when intensity is assumed equal to 10% (mean level of influenza intensity).

^*0.01 < p ≤ 0.05;

^**0.001 < p ≤ 0.01;

^#p ≤ 0.001.