Table 2.
Men
|
Women
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value |
Stove improvement (binary) | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.493 (0.312–0.779) | 0.002 | 0.534 (0.323–0.882) | 0.014 |
Time since stove improvement (ordinal) | ||||
No improvement | 1 | 1 | ||
< 7 years | 0.442 (0.220–0.889) | 0.022 | 0.243 (0.095–0.627) | 0.003 |
≥ 7 years to < 14 years | 0.542 (0.304–0.968) | 0.038 | 0.513 (0.258–1.019) | 0.057 |
≥ 14 years | 0.480 (0.230–1.000) | 0.050 | 1.053 (0.552–2.007) | 0.876 |
Ever use smokeless coal | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.522 (0.983–2.355) | 0.060 | 1.444 (0.899–2.319) | 0.129 |
Tons of coal used per yeara | ||||
< 2.57 | 1 | 1 | ||
≥ 2.57 to < 3.75 | 0.787 (0.502–1.234) | 0.297 | 0.962 (0.573–1.614) | 0.883 |
≥ 3.75 | 1.535 (0.981–2.404) | 0.061 | 1.881 (1.141–3.101) | 0.013 |
Years of coal usea | ||||
< 45 years | 1 | 1 | ||
≥ 45 to < 57 years | 1.094 (0.324–3.700) | 0.885 | 2.334 (0.822–6.622) | 0.111 |
≥ 57 years | 2.482 (1.112–5.543) | 0.027 | 2.668 (1.069–6.661) | 0.035 |
Waking hours/day indoors through 20 years of age | ||||
< 7 hr | 1 | 1 | ||
≥ 7 hr | 0.896 (0.609–1.318) | 0.577 | 1.237 (0.820–1.866) | 0.311 |
No. of rooms in home | ||||
Every additional room | 0.825 (0.634–1.074) | 0.152 | 1.006 (0.770–1.313) | 0.967 |
No. of people in home | ||||
Every additional person | 1.095 (0.943–1.271) | 0.234 | 1.180 (0.994–1.401) | 0.058 |
Diagnosed chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 2.009 (1.316–3.066) | 0.001 | 2.126 (1.347–3.356) | 0.001 |
Cooking (ordinal) | ||||
< 20 years | — | — | 1 | |
≥ 20 to < 40 years | — | — | 1.740 (0.275–10.990) | 0.556 |
≥ 40 years | — | — | 2.911 (0.467–18.131) | 0.252 |
Cooking (binary) | ||||
No | 1 | — | — | — |
Yes | 0.705 (0.335–1.483) | 0.357 | — | — |
Work as coal miner | ||||
No | 1 | — | — | |
Yes | 1.022 (0.318–3.281) | 0.971 | — | — |
Tobacco smoking | ||||
< 20 years | 1 | — | — | |
≥ 20 to < 40 years | 0.935 (0.393–2.227) | 0.879 | — | — |
≥ 40 years | 1.639 (0.702–3.826) | 0.254 | — | — |
Education | ||||
No education | 1 | 1 | ||
With education | 0.502 (0.287–0.876) | 0.015 | 1.959 (0.959–4.001) | 0.065 |
Smoky and smokeless coal types combined.