Table 3.
The effects of maternal dietary protein restriction during pregnancy, or pregnancy and lactation in the rat on the expression of genes associated with energy balance in the adult offspring
| Gene | Tissue | Direction of change compared to control | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucocorticoid receptor | Liver | Increased | 82-85 | |||
| Lung | Increased | 82 | ||||
| Kidney | Increased | |||||
| Brain | Increased | |||||
| 11βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase | Liver | Decreased | 82 | |||
| Lung | Decreased | |||||
| Kidney | Decreased | |||||
| Brain | Decreased | |||||
| Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase | Liver | Increased | 83-85 | |||
| Glucokinase | Liver | Increased | 86 | |||
| Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | Liver | Increased | 87 | |||
| Fatty acid synthase | Liver | Increased | ||||
| Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-α | Liver | Increased | 82-85,88 | |||
| Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-γ1 | Liver | Unchanged | 83,88 | |||
| Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-γ2 | Adipose tissue | Decreased | 88 | |||
| Acyl-CoA oxidase | Liver | Increased | 83 |