Table 1.
Mean Hb concentration and prevalence of anaemia according to infection status and other characteristics in 1523 schoolchildren aged 10–21 years (univariate analysis)
| Variable | Children No (%) | Mean Hb level, g/dL (95% CI) | Anaemia prevalence (%) (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 786 (51.6) | 12.51 (12.40–12.61) | 13.2 (10.9–15.6) |
| Female | 737 (48.4) | 12.34 (12.23–12.45) | 13.7 (11.2–16.2) |
| Age | |||
| 10–12 years old | 573 (39.0) | 12.29 (12.17–12.41) | 13.1 (10.3–15.9) |
| 13–15 years old | 896 (61.099) | 12.52 (12.42–12.62) | 13.8 (11.6–16.1) |
| > = 16 years old | 54 (3.7) | 12.44 (12.08–12.80) | 11.1 (2.7–19.5) |
| Classification of SES (n = 1404b) | |||
| Least poor | 281 (20.01) | 12.42 (12.24–12.61) | 12.81 (8.90–16.72) |
| Poor | 560 (39.89) | 12.45 (12.34–12.58) | 13.93 (11.06–16.79) |
| Most poor | 563 (40.10) | 12.40 (12.28–12.53) | 13.14 (10.35–15.93) |
| Classification of BMIZ | |||
| Not underweight | 1430 (93.9) | 12.44 (12.36–12.52) | 13.2 (11.4–14.9) |
| Underweight | 93 (6.1) | 12.22 (11.92–12.52) | 18.3 (10.4–26.1) |
| Classification of HAZ | |||
| Not stunted | 1323 (86.9) | 12.48 (12.40–12.56) | 12.8 (11.0–14.6) |
| Stunted | 200 (13.1) | 12.10 (11.88–12.31) | 18.0 (12.7–23.3) |
| Intensity of hookworm infectionc | |||
| Not infected | 803 (52.7) | 12.42 (12.31–12.53) | 14.0 (11.6–16.3) |
| Lightly infected | 691 (45.4) | 12.45 (12.35–12.56) | 12.9 (10.4–15.4) |
| Moderately infected | 15 (1.0) | 12.21 (11.60–12.83) | 13.3 (0.0–30.5) |
| Heavily infected | 14 (0.9) | 11.87 (11.34–12.40) | 14.3 (0.0–32.6) |
| Intensity of S. mansoni infectionc | |||
| Not infected | 1309 (86.0) | 12.44 (12.36–12.53) | 13.2 (11.4–15.1) |
| Lightly infected | 91 (6.0) | 12.41 (12.11–12.71) | 11.0 (4.6–17.4) |
| Moderately infected | 76 (5.0) | 12.54 (12.21–12.87) | 13.2 (5.6–20.8) |
| Heavily infected | 47 (3.0) | 11.79 (11.28 to 12.30) | 25.5 (13.1–38.0) |
| Intensity of T.trichiura infectionc | |||
| Not infected | 1326 (87.1) | 12.41 (12.33–12.50) | 13.4 (11.6–15.3) |
| Lightly infected | 188 (12.3) | 12.47 (12.26–12.69) | 14.4 (9.4–19.4) |
| Moderately infected | 8 (0.5) | 13.26 (12.30–14.23) | 0.0 NAa |
| Heavily infected | 1 (0.1) | 12.80 NAa | 0.0 NAa |
| Intensity of A. lumbricoides infectionc | |||
| Not infected | 1162 (76.3) | 12.46 (12.37–12.55) | 13.6 (11.6–15.6) |
| Lightly infected | 236 (15.5) | 12.34 (12.16–12.52) | 13.1 (8.8–17.5) |
| Moderately infected | 125 (8.2) | 12.27 (12.04–12.50) | 12.8 (6.9–18.7) |
| Heavily infected | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 NAa | 0.0 NAa |
| Malaria spp. infection | |||
| Not infected | 989 (69.9) | 12.49 (12.40–12.58) | 12.8 (10.8–14.9) |
| Infected | 534 (35.1) | 12.31 (12.18–12.44) | 14.6 (11.6–17.6) |
BMIZ, Body Mass Index Z-score; HAZ, Height for Age Z-score; CI, confidence interval.
a
NA, not available.
b
Socio-economic status (SES) data were missing for 119 children.
c
Intensity of helminth infection was classified in light, moderate and heavy according to WHO recommended thresholds: Schistosoma mansoni infection, 1–99, 100–399 and ⩾400 eggs per gram of faeces (epg); hookworm, 1–1999, 2000–3999 and ⩾4000 epg; Trichuris trichiura, 1–999, 1000–9999 and ⩾10,000 epg; and Ascaris lumbricoides, 1–4999, 5000–49,999 and ⩾50,000 epg.