Fig. 2.

Examples of the predictive coding account of the MNS. Here we consider four levels of attribution in an example hierarchy of the MNS; kinematics, goal, intention and context. In a action-observation is considered in the absence of a context, in b the identical action is observed in but now in the context of an operating theatre. The bars depict the level degree of prediction error. In a both intentions predict identical goals and kinematics and therefore the prediction error is identical in both schemes. In this case the model can not differentiate between the intentions causing the action. In b the context causes a large prediction error for the goal ‘to hurt’ and a small prediction error for the goal ‘to cure’. In this case the model can differentiate between the two intentions