Table 2. Frequency of potential risk factors and odds ratios for the onset of acute renal failure for these risk factors in case and control patients, Panama 2006.
| Potential risk factor | Cases (N = 42) |
Controls (N = 140) |
Odds ratioa (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Any pre-existing condition | ||||||
| Diabetes | 15 | 35.7 | 40 | 28.6 | 1.62 (0.75–3.50) | |
| Hypertension | 30 | 71.4 | 76 | 54.3 | 2.75 (1.13–6.71) | |
| Renal disease | 12 | 28.6 | 19 | 13.6 | 2.49 (1.04–5.99) | |
| Cardiovascular | 14 | 33.3 | 39 | 27.9 | 1.23 (0.56–2.70) | |
| Other | 13 | 31.0 | 51 | 36.4 | 0.76 (0.36–1.61) | |
| Any ACE inhibitorb | ||||||
| Yes | 26 | 61.9 | 34 | 24.3 | 5.39 (2.39–12.2) | |
| No | 16 | 38.1 | 106 | 75.7 | Referent | |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CI, confidence interval. a Statistically significant findings are in boldface type. b ACE inhibitors examined included enalapril, ramipril and lisinopril.