Table 3. Characteristics of study participants in terms of diet, smoking habits and physical activity before and after lifestyle interventions in a study of the effects of the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| Study area | Baseline | Annual evaluation |
P-value for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | |||||
| Isfahan | ||||||||
| n | 4 187 | 2 098 | 1 680 | 2 004 | 2 003 | |||
| Dietary scorea (mean ± SD) | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 6.3 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.7 | < 0.05 | ||
| Healthy dietb (%) | 18.3 | 18.9 | 26.4 | 33.6 | 39.8 | < 0.01 | ||
| Daily smokers (%) | 14.7 | 15.1 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 11.7 | < 0.001 | ||
| Total daily physical activity (MET-m/week) | 856 ± 546 | 763 ± 517 | 756 ± 601 | 617 ± 540 | 682 ± 734 | < 0.001 | ||
| Leisure time physical activity (MET-m/week) | 86 ± 93 | 83 ± 79 | 104 ± 78 | 122 ± 275 | 157 ± 350 | < 0.001 | ||
| Individuals (%) with ≥ 30 minutes/day moderate or vigorous activity | 50.3 | 37.1 | 50.3 | 28.2 | 40.7 | < 0.001 | ||
| Najaf-Abad | ||||||||
| n | 1 988 | 896 | 720 | 1 008 | 1 008 | |||
| Dietary scorea (mean ± SD) | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | < 0.05 | ||
| Healthy diet (%) | 14.2 | 15.7 | 19.6 | 28.4 | 31.3 | < 0.01 | ||
| Daily smokers (%) | 15.1 | 15.0 | 9.4 | 14.6 | 13.9 | 0.21 | ||
| Total daily physical activity (MET-m/week) | 946 ± 657 | 898 ± 526 | 923 ± 602 | 881 ± 697 | 852 ± 772 | 0.002 | ||
| Leisure time physical activity (MET-m/week) | 81 ± 87 | 79 ± 69 | 93 ± 64 | 178 ± 288 | 181 ± 382 | < 0.001 | ||
| Individuals (%) with ≥ 30 minutes/day moderate or vigorous activity | 40.1 | 28.9 | 40.0 | 43.3 | 40.7 | 0.010 | ||
| Arak | ||||||||
| n | 6 339 | 2 897 | 2 393 | 3 070 | NA | |||
| Dietary scorea (mean ± SD) | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | NA | 0.41 | ||
| Healthy diet (%) | 12.8 | 14.4 | 13.9 | 10.8 | NA | 0.38 | ||
| Daily smokers (%) | 15.2 | 16.3 | 15.3 | 12.6 | NA | 0.004 | ||
| Total daily physical activity (MET-m/week) | 898 ± 530 | 810 ± 442 | 777 ± 486 | 641 ± 547 | NA | < 0.001 | ||
| Leisure time physical activity (MET-m/week) | 84 ± 90 | 74 ± 63 | 91 ± 58 | 119 ± 198 | NA | < 0.001 | ||
| Individuals (%) with ≥ 30 minutes/day moderate or vigorous activity | 46.8 | 24.0 | 32.0 | 31.1 | NA | < 0.001 | ||
MET-m/week, metabolic equivalent task minutes per week; NA, not available; SD, standard deviation. a Dietary score was calculated by summing up the scores given to participants based on quintile cut-points based on consumption of items in 12 food groups. b Individuals with a total dietary score of ≥ 8 were considered to be on a healthy diet.