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Effects of LIUS on the chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs in alginate layer culture. The expression of chondrogenic markers such as Sox-9, aggrecan and type II collagen was measured at one and two weeks by RT-PCR analysis. Relative band intensities normalized against those of GAPDH were presented from five independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.
