TABLE 2.
Proportion of study population with lifestyle risk factors before and after diagnosis of hypertension
| Presence of lifestyle risk factor
|
Presence of lifestyle risk factor
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before, n (%) | After, % | ARR, % | RRR, % | P | Before, n (%) | After, % | ARR, % | RRR, % | P | |
|
Overall | ||||||||||
| Smoking | 346 (27.0) | 22.1 | 4.9 | 18.2 | <0.001* | – | – | – | – | – |
| Excessive alcohol use | 77 (7.9) | 8.6 | –0.7 | –8.9 | 0.38 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Physical inactivity | 765 (60.9) | 56.1 | 4.8 | 7.9 | <0.01* | – | – | – | – | – |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 830 (66.0) | 68.2 | –2.2 | –3.3 | 0.04* | – | – | – | – | – |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 306 (24.3) | 27.1 | –2.8 | –11.5 | 0.02* | – | – | – | – | – |
|
By sex |
Men |
Women |
||||||||
| Smoking | 150 (28.4) | 23.2 | 5.2 | 18.3 | <0.001* | 196 (26.1) | 21.3 | 4.8 | 18.4 | <0.001* |
| Excessive alcohol use | 44 (10.8) | 11.9 | –1.1 | –10.2 | 0.23 | 33 (5.8) | 6.2 | –0.4 | –6.9 | 1.00 |
| Physical inactivity | 298 (58.3) | 52.9 | 5.4 | 9.3 | 0.05* | 467 (62.7) | 58.3 | 4.4 | 7.0 | 0.03* |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 385 (72.9) | 73.3 | –0.4 | –0.5 | 0.81 | 445 (60.9) | 64.5 | –3.6 | –5.9 | 0.01* |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 109 (20.6) | 22.7 | –2.1 | –10.2 | 0.12 | 197 (27.0) | 30.2 | –3.2 | –11.9 | 0.08 |
|
By age group |
Age <60 years |
Age ≥60 years |
||||||||
| Smoking | 271 (32.3) | 26.5 | 5.8 | 18.0 | <0.01* | 75 (17.0) | 13.8 | 3.2 | 18.8 | <0.01* |
| Excessive alcohol use | 62 (9.2) | 9.5 | –0.3 | –3.3 | 0.81 | 15 (4.9) | 6.8 | –1.9 | –38.8 | 0.11 |
| Physical inactivity | 507 (61.4) | 55.3 | 6.1 | 9.9 | <0.01* | 258 (60.0) | 57.8 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 0.50 |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 584 (70.6) | 73.5 | –2.9 | –4.1 | 0.02* | 246 (57.1) | 58.1 | –1.0 | –1.8 | 0.71 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 221 (26.7) | 30.2 | –3.5 | –13.1 | <0.01* | 85 (19.7) | 21.2 | –1.5 | –7.6 | 1.00 |
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) is the absolute risk difference between before and after percentages, while the relative risk reduction (RRR) consists of the ARR as a percentage of the risk factor before hypertension diagnosis.
*Statistically significant at P≤0.05 as calculated by McNemar’s test. BMI Body mass index